约翰迪尔拖拉机6B95至135(约翰迪尔6b954拖拉机价格)

1. 约翰迪尔6b954拖拉机价格

大部分人认为学画画，认为需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。

新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习，感受光影，逐步进行形状与体积的练习，便可掌握画画的基础。

下面让我们一起来学习吧！

如何准备工具

方法一：

纸笔

推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。

常用品牌：樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格：0.5mm，0.8mm。

笔芯：辉柏嘉、樱花牌

橡皮：辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮，手感很好。

纸：用A4纸即可，推荐80g的，比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。

方法二：

数位板+台式机

1、数位板推荐型号：wocam672，wocam 4100

压感：数位板的压感是敏感度，压感越大，敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。

2、防摔绳，建议配套防摔绳，这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。

3、台式机&笔记本：32位的内存，intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。

方法三：

iPad pro

1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性，可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。

ipad+ipencle，可以直接用户绘画；ipad+数位板，ipad当做显示屏，数位板可以当做绘制工具；ipad+mac，可以把ipad当手绘板使用，mac作为显示屏

如何画好线条

画好线条，是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画，是由于刚接触绘画，熟练度不够，画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。

可参考视频：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

第一步：

学会画素线

素线，就是没有变化，干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画，在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线，才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。

步骤1

学会定点连线

画线，本质上是对两个点的链接。因此，我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。

现拿点 a 到点 b 举例，如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置，那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b， 那么就会变成第二条线，杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a， 又无法确定点 b，就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。

因此，需要学会预判画作，确定点位安排。

拓展一下，画一个形状，就是从点 a 到点 abcd， 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条，乃至于想画好一幅画，都要先进行预判，确定画面中所有点的关系。

步骤2

用石膏进行练习

初学者要先从石膏几何体学起，因为他点位明确，结构简单，这种练习需要练习六十小时左右，基本上就可以掌握。

步骤3

长线条的绘制

长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿，然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段，最后拼出一条长线条，这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋，这样接线时不容留出破绽。

小贴士：

其他练习方法

三笔定型法：在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯，三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位，再去作画，一笔试错两笔纠正，三笔确定超过三笔，就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。

画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟，久而久之，就会提升手眼协调能力，以及手部的灵活度。

第二步：

学会画线条的强调性

线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了，就会让你注意到它。

方法1：

从外至内线分层法

步骤1，以这个人物举例，在素线的基础上先去强调外轮廓。

步骤2，加强外轮廓之后，你会发现手部埋没在了细节里，无法一眼分辨，那么就需要加强手臂轮廓，让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的二级线。

步骤3，按照这个逻辑顺序，接着往下做图。 从外到内，手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要，所以接着降级为三级线，直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。

方法2：

线条的视觉引导

加粗的线条，会引导观众的目光，让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。

以画一个人为例，你的主视觉停留是在头手脚上，其次是关节，至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过，不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重，同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚，以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。

方法3：

学会用线条提现光影

光的强弱与力量感，也可以通过线条的粗细来表现，比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上，把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体，承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用，会让线条显得高级。

拿人物举例，在素线的基础上，去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有投影，需要加重一下，从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头，比较重要，也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。

拿肌肉来举例，把膨胀的肌肉中间处，画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法

第三步：开始正式绘画

步骤1：绘制线稿

这一步可以随意一些，大致画出你想要的形状。

步骤2：绘制精草

用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线，不然等到绘画成稿时，无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线，才能算绘制完毕。

步骤3：丰富线的内容

确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分，比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下投影的区域，体现一下光感。画到这里，你的线稿基本就算合格了。

练习：线条临摹练习

平时适合临摹学习的画师，推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿，基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。

如何画形状

第一步：认识形

简单地说，画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品，而是二维化的形状拼接。

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1G5411n7dM/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

第二步：确定形

方法一：阴阳型

这个是一个万金油工具。我们可以把任何一个画面拆分为阴形，阳形，用这两个形状，来互相辩证画面是否正确。

方法二：九宫格起型法

将一幅画打上格子，在另外一个同样格子的图纸中，按照坐标一格一格的画，就可以把一幅画临摹出来。

第三步：画准形

步骤1：用阴阳型画法。画出线条，区分出画面整体的阴形和阳形。

步骤2：继续用阴阳型画法，用先大后小的原则，将大块的形状划分出来。

步骤3：用九宫格画法，开始绘制细节。找到鼻子、嘴角、眼角这些转折，画上定型点位。 画完转折点后，整幅画对比一下，调节一下相对位置，就得了准确的形状。

步骤4：把转折点连接成素线。

步骤5：补充上阴形的颜色填充，绘画完毕。

如何画体积

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

在二维平面画出三维感的方法，称之为透视。严格来说，透视可以归类为数学。

常见的绘画中，会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。

另外，近大远小也是常见的透视方法。

其次是，近实远虚。

最后，是近疏远密，如图。

第一步：学习什么是视平线

要进行绘画，首先我们要知道什么是视中线，视平线和地平线。

视平线，就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。

当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立，这种情况叫做平视。

当我们向下看时，视线脱离视平线向下，这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。

当我们向上看时，也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线，这就是仰视、

视中线，是我们的目之所及，会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平，位于眼部位置，它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说，视平线会将画面切割，视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。

第二步：学会绘制一点透视

一点透视，又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面，它是与你的视线平行的。

步骤1：画出视平线

我们要首先画出视频线，因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视，都需要我们的视频线作为标识。

步骤2：画出正面的形状

正面是不会产生形变的，因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方，那么它就是一个方。

步骤3：找到消失点

这个集中消失的点，我们叫它消失点，就像刚才演示一样，当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点

步骤4：连接点与消失点

连接消失点，画出物品的厚度

常用工具1：X工具

X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a， 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环，找到每一个方形的中点。

在平面中相等，那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线，也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。

常用工具2：N工具

如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体，那么就需要这个N工具。

步骤1：首先我们确定我们想要的间距，画出垂线，这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。

步骤2：先用X工具，连接原有方形的对角线，这样就找到这个方形的中点。

步骤3：从方形的中点，画出一条与透视线平行的线，与方形的边相交得到了点A。

步骤4：然后我们再从方形的端点B，延伸到点A，相较于透视线，得到了点C。

步骤5：从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线，我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此，可以得到多个相同的等距方形。

在平面中可以这么复制，在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N，所以称之为N工具。

小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范

我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。

步骤1：我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同，可以画出多个柱子。

步骤2：然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。

步骤3：接下来添加一些细节，就完成绘画了。

常用工具3：对角线消失点

我们在绘画固定大小的方格时，使用这个方法。

步骤1：确定视平线，与视平线上的消失点A。

步骤2：接着按照一点透视，连接消失点与方形的端点，确定方格大小。

步骤3：从方形画出对角线，延伸至视平线交叉，得到了对角线消失点B。

步骤4：从方形边角连接点 b ，得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。

步骤5：从消失点连接点d，且贯穿。从点 c 出发，横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。

步骤6：重复这个步骤，我们就会得到无数个相同方形。

步骤7：间隔填上颜色，就画出了一个铺好的地板，我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。

第二步：两点透视

两点透视，特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行，而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

步骤1：还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。

步骤2：画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发，向两个消失点连线，我们就得到了方程的两个侧面

步骤3：找到顶点R和K，与消失点点连接支线。R连接H，K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。

步骤4：其他角度均是如此。记住，所有的消失点都消失于 hl 两个消失点。

第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现

我们画画时，大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视，大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视，一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。

步骤1：画出视平线，确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点，但是切记视平线要始终保持不变，且只有一条。

步骤2：按照上述教过的方法，画出多个不同的物体。

两点透视中的X工具

1、画出视平线

2、X工具却确定中点

3、连接中点与消失点，就可以平分长方体

两点透视中的对角线消失工具，与一点透视同理

示范练

第四步：三点透视

三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头，或者低头的画面中。

三点透视，有三个消失点，会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视，倒三角形是俯视。

三点透视的特点

一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的，只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于，三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行，而是相交于一点，形成了三个消失点。

N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线，而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。

第五步，正式开始作画

步骤1：画出视平线

步骤2：应用对角线消失点画出地板

步骤3：画出人体脚底板的位置，按照透视来确定脚的位置，可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位

步骤4：接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成，用N工具来确定人体大比例

步骤5：人体细节完善，画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。

步骤6：同理画出其他物品，如小轿车。

练习：简单几何体练习

熟悉透视之后，需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。

建议每天画一百个左右，坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对，也可以每天画10~20个，需要坚持2-3个月左右。

方形翻滚作画示例

十字方翻滚多角度作画示例

方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例

方和圆翻滚

练习：物体/物体几何练习

接下来我们把难度升级，物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体，接着再练习方形的翻滚一样，让我们的物体翻滚起来，练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉，去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右（每天如果只有1-2小时，需要练习3~4个月的时间）。

推荐图书

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

1、《像艺术家一样思考》

2、《透视画法入门》，建议整本通读，每篇都进行临摹

3、《贝蒂的色彩》

4、《FIGURE DRAWING》

5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读，整本临摹。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuIadOq46oeOswxayo7cKSUUn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分人认为学画画，认为需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqhtwRKPfJbeqLc6Vcw3dBc"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习，感受光影，逐步进行形状与体积的练习，便可掌握画画的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2p4eK7DQc5WTJZmg40fB4e"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面让我们一起来学习吧！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCAjosaqrs69QYog88Y8Td"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDX4wMoe1Yi6D6ttkJQlkrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何准备工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMOxKHqBaxC6ecgmCCiWYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntgCdwVm8ke5FPkoStp2glc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"纸笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnd9gTOkfB9uF9jtVG9orIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJPmVfWydzgjrcqdKJLQHQ9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用品牌：樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格：0.5mm，0.8","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"mm","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhJlo1CwjMcrSW9APzWXIj5"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a22c3c8b19f40ea861909355be7530f","width":1780},"text":"","id":"doxcnERzNY5StM814GCj32d2Mze"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":610,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73e99e0c0b7c47a9a2f50b67b70b2434","width":1658},"text":"","id":"doxcn8YmXouC54AokD30YNgkojh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔芯：辉柏嘉、樱花牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e9faec6c6644abb94d20923311d65ee","width":1018},"text":"","id":"doxcnUeP1t9ygiDhUFx4XWKscbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8eee75e52c114193b8fc7fa44a78a623","width":784},"text":"","id":"doxcnLqHvVHqVUJZywkzAbu2mVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橡皮：辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮，手感很好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2QQrlze2j5nw0nbk8OR73d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸：用A4纸即可，推荐80g的，比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEAxjjZQHxKODZHtjAHzeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYNGOzZv0BXraqbIRurwwl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数位板+台式机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhr2FFGhWbt8f9PCruVRkxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、数位板推荐型号：wocam672，wocam 4100","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8aWrBa6hg91Srj3IKrjNa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"压感：数位板的压感是敏感度，压感越大，敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhiZBA1lMJXELhpqF5cIFnc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62198e45791a4266a1de64d201b28ea2","width":1436},"text":"","id":"doxcnvrVo2AyJkGrHtjAo2svr1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、防摔绳，建议配套防摔绳，这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKiTUpRUZWvJ3TinWypgFog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、台式机\u0026笔记本：32位的内存，intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6RFY8IWFWXb0p6YXY7jWpb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4NkCCtqWRvzeHWEdiPoIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"iPad pro","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoedH5QPr73Hgg6I8XgYYXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性，可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3165CewvgsZCZ8NlFktRKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ipad+ipencle，可以直接用户绘画；ipad+数位板，ipad当做显示屏，数位板可以当做绘制工具；ipad+mac，可以把ipad当手绘板使用，mac作为显示屏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJgEqOL809qyI7RPsZyl9Fe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":538,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b5888b45af249fd985fac38596fbf41","width":948},"text":"","id":"doxcnXNhAsGRmMjDBJjWsYyKRMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画好线条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIPMJWS4oKdn8ogTgyYf0oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画好线条，是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画，是由于刚接触绘画，熟练度不够，画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpH0Shag5PSDth7RsJt1KOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可参考视频：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6Modsqk2oekysxmyLbcQxSSnnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmlHCCcEnrpkbBBHAXS9qph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"素线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7QVIPS3OfyuxgTsUXNyyMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素线，就是没有变化，干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画，在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线，才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5HLXZm732C6Lv7eJ5JmXcg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3upxtPqhc0w4pgs5iX0TSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会定点连线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYE0B5bP74CeJYm8j8NipSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画线，本质上是对两个点的链接。因此，我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYVutbLBq3avmQ6TgsQ7N2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现拿点 a 到点 b 举例，如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置，那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b， 那么就会变成第二条线，杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a， 又无法确定点 b，就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI2szzYWkLVm6M4m1lYE8Ze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，需要学会预判画作，确定点位安排。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniFqqeek4Mo9spsECjo1Goc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da21593bdc784db9ad5be4c31578657b","width":1172},"text":"","id":"doxcne4lxsXWR7akIDtRth0b4nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拓展一下，画一个形状，就是从点 a 到点 abcd， 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条，乃至于想画好一幅画，都要先进行预判，确定画面中所有点的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06s3oxHrDqGJ4uOdoSJlng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aecda2a4f7a54a4fb7a81a35aa2aafeb","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QYcCde4iUocI2ixKcIWcsIW0nme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPwCEu1XM0yjbESvgoiQVSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7ItulnBamq8ZXEg37KkWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTRPBubLlV8h31md4b2NO5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用石膏进行练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9hBoxRSb3HztTM9DXZ4O1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者要先从石膏几何体学起，因为他点位明确，结构简单，这种练习需要练习六十小时左右，基本上就可以掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjyV26GXOq5xB98jeIMLcah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c1474d85788545acbd6b9d1486a4f305","width":1900},"text":"","id":"PSeAdggGqo68MgxSiX8cOx5Vn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWlO0iDq7zfVWtwtVeFv0rk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntCQnNUlWZlZhtTb5iPQVwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"长线条的绘制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsGKR2X3Jeve6c0DPO0I9a"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿，然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段，最后拼出一条长线条，这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋，这样接线时不容留出破绽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3O8JNYXQKRA1vSPzUNevEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/859b198df7ae4c19a78753d7574f411f","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W8K2dUsSOogssOxYrAZcgwqoncf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQOEjEbAHrd4ixWGj5OGKab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"其他练习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng1eMXLE921t8HsKK5RykGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三笔定型法：在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯，三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位，再去作画，一笔试错两笔纠正，三笔确定超过三笔，就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsLhjEWwKUxkrBG7isn7ELh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d64d184338fa482794f55d5d5c254847","width":1900},"text":"","id":"JIYwd4saYoyOcOxbyJNclXBWnKx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟，久而久之，就会提升手眼协调能力，以及手部的灵活度。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn75BSzbncQ7EfjuqKDpjPcd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ab71b3e88614b81a2fef2d986ae4983","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ra0sd8KUUoguIyxmyRdcwWtsnqh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e00653ec71764b2d8e5b0aabef5fd09c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ew20d6As4oKqSaxY7zWcw2IBn1c"}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDS6DrilGnJuB38zB84z1kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画线条的强调性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmMlJsWlP321PRSvxS7A5Ge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了，就会让你注意到它。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQEN5C0IFiQ1rW6hHUrbP6e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQko8DAkqiiSGcddElCOWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"从外至内线分层法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMottVWR4ogcs0mrxn9ncXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1，以这个人物举例，在素线的基础上先去强调","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"外轮廓","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn253ghDRZdQhUZUjWpzlGMW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2，加强外轮廓之后，你会发现手部埋没在了细节里，无法一眼分辨，那么就需要加强手臂轮廓，让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRdYp8yjRl7uj4ReoS8D4ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3，按照这个逻辑顺序，接着往下做图。 从外到内，手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要，所以接着降级为","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRrnIfXLI7ZIWBPWCTcJKhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7bbfb71cc616414e8bbabab65e22a373","width":1900},"text":"","id":"FKmydC8QcoQqwgx7yeVc043gnHP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7dNLLaS6d4sGu2fOGxni3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"线条的视觉引导","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnptIRRefu5irwrseR9tinKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加粗的线条，会引导观众的目光，让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWG8Z4Og9HcV3qYdyCJOq1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以画一个人为例，你的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"主视觉","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"停留是在头手脚上，其次是关节，至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过，不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重，同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚，以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndYDkmnTkOAUL9DiPpoRUwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/102d5f8660294705a07c2f09898cd82e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OGMkdKqKkoi0cIxIZfyc8d63nhc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNmTodJWXnl1e2i7lDatCsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会用线条提现光影","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYN4oTRlPhAE3RnqMPmPFaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"光的强弱与力量感，也可以通过线条的粗细来表现，比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上，把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体，承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用，会让线条显得高级。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJvB6N8GQQGsTDhYkQWo7e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d5c2038252246939af149a77af0f34a","width":1164},"text":"","id":"doxcnWleCxZi1OdgW5YTG5AmyYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5O5n8CiPYgQUWRwq92Ut4c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a27bcae5434456186ea43a50e9c8136","width":964},"text":"","id":"doxcniWRJ0owz1YvutXbOOnxmtg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cd1e9eb2a1434c86b71a733c751b52dd","width":958},"text":"","id":"doxcn5PWezIKsaIIjozTiBZO0oe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":746,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/580461fa883841578f0941ad514707ce","width":1832},"text":"","id":"doxcnqc4ajvS5pt8E5RppNEx80d"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿人物举例，在素线的基础上，去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，需要加重一下，从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头，比较重要，也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZWnlKETFNeWZXwjihMA1lh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0508fa7fc99a4b9e9c0fc0b164d0c02c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Fa22deAWeoyKqkxeIXic4xjlnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿肌肉来举例，把膨胀的肌肉中间处，画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2g0huA4yHYrZnE7qzTQcG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b25ba6f409954ecda857840ec589fc9e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"P6MAdoseSoMue8xCibscub1wnse"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：开始正式绘画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBFwi8VpHqn6bWqFRm5eTrb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：绘制线稿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfyN8VNRc0m847788RigoFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步可以随意一些，大致画出你想要的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQ23GSoymLCFhy9y3FV6Gh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：绘制精草","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnri6fol2oRgyTbopTrryqzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线，不然等到绘画成稿时，无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线，才能算绘制完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJQnvo53qbTjVXsddxSXUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：丰富线的内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPTFp6xQnBOCJaghxazJGEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分，比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的区域，体现一下光感。画到这里，你的线稿基本就算合格了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq5NZH4AstNLFU1X1bubvLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwuQdS46goocUCxgD3Xc7Q0enNe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":984,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：丰富线的内容","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/32c54bbf585d4734ad0e5e326357833f","width":1784},"text":"","id":"doxcny8D9IFSWUNZYweGy63bKBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：线条临摹练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGSGwwNR6HJtFo70ir5eyib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平时适合临摹学习的画师，推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿，基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHTE4jtGSspClSuo0w8KfWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：线条临摹练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432b738bef504a6b928039cbaf89c162","width":1578},"text":"","id":"doxcnWP7Mfuar7FGFSTMbnLWkGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2DqUoQRO8weH3vcCRaU4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP7UNLSEwT8AGfEOZ0jRwve"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：认识形","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8y5ZJmFPv3yYCaaXWj0eBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单地说，画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品，而是二维化的形状拼接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpjINqFRyEEcoWgNo6ZvXFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1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画完转折点后，整幅画对比一下，调节一下相对位置，就得了准确的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2xBh570iGPgdwXmu2Mwue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：把转折点连接","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"成素","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWoWzGvFwr9HMOKGI5I0fBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：补充上阴形的颜色填充，绘画完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneffRH5HA5daVdWT3O5Yvgz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":912,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：画准形","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1e1597935fc47669dc22fc95274b4b4","width":1764},"text":"","id":"doxcnjAPDAb2lnKDU59Fnh1f8ec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOn8McpULDUS3cuhOR4WpDc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAUnmDgBaHvkpJdeTsw6KDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JcmadesgMoyKWOxu8cKcpzv5njb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在二维平面画出三维感的方法，称之为透视。严格来说，透视可以归类为数学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWRt9jCGXINl2fdR8gcoBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的绘画中，会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXBIKnsHp6PsyHXMqKlTi5e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":924,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e09bb13f16e049309252cdb64fc1db14","width":1834},"text":"","id":"doxcncCK9CeKLdc45LrFwzYZNSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d979092b1b594918ba8c82515552e52a","width":1708},"text":"","id":"doxcnnPUun3hTXFRLEZR2fXGGBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，近大远小也是常见的透视方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7cpg9DgdR8Snt3zISE2Xc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":802,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85a6662dbd08431f894732d840ced988","width":1522},"text":"","id":"doxcnaI3FPtoGflxcqiNHKw2JOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次是，近实远虚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk1NzxQrkaJE4yqpRHrJLch"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":986,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432038b07c9e4330894ff18a79e74777","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcncAW9SESTQMw9mcpX2nyNuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后，是近疏远密，如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMlrr6exfpvUUl9jFt8uCrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":796,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93b104139dc84e41a92f8c9dcaf50fc2","width":1536},"text":"","id":"doxcnpxmbBicmkBUlzgF9a0uFOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn55FFcubKJaOtdd6mCspkbe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaVisobxoO9DfBSCiPsjaXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要进行绘画，首先我们要知道什么是视中线，视平线和地平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlaW65TeotfHRdnq2qsLBjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视平线，就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR95QaxF3KKi7LFe2tHWXUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立，这种情况叫做平视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkc7RHIPcqK5J9VaMBZ2nyg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":934,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ac05e64a514f9f9a80a684c158e620","width":1876},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmvZId33H19PU6R2MWuUrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向下看时，视线脱离视平线向下，这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAEJuEF48WG9vgFnpEIjnd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":782,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/675baa2196aa4d9c8214e7682bf7a5b3","width":1828},"text":"","id":"doxcnA7Wg6Dd2oofvNRQPmaNCy5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向上看时，也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线，这就是仰视、","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LunGZaPwqWk3l9T3QHm1c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d904eb50f2c44705921d92f72487f83f","width":1790},"text":"","id":"doxcnAl7ORH7ltBfROQVCIwsLCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视中线，是我们的目之所及，会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平，位于眼部位置，它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说，视平线会将画面切割，视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhPXYiRXGmH5zOirtERR3Bd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":904,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9530dda7521f4c559710dc1db8550bed","width":1458},"text":"","id":"doxcnkwGwQtBg6v4IHNx5J8xKEf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngVTUHmFyTnJ8w5qUORfJ2f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":906,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6128873f46034c51b05ec16342ef406b","width":1654},"text":"","id":"doxcn4kMjL8euNUkrc1DQJtMLRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GayudQmqQoGgwOxuMF2c6HD8nob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视，又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面，它是与你的视线平行的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnipbmLlXFDwpvEVhrECcO4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbaOwjjbyhCjKSOQob46Fyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要首先画出视频线，因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视，都需要我们的视频线作为标识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnctRqD2HdXEHFPYvat02qBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：画出正面的形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ9MRy23VNni7eSImBbw3yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正面是不会产生形变的，因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方，那么它就是一个方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GedoGeHdHaziCm5T9rxVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：找到消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD3PrC0wi5ECTRnI90FGcob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个集中消失的点，我们叫它消失点，就像刚才演示一样，当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTbJC0o2YZLTWIEQmBtLurC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：连接点与消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzlvd1VXYURilzjYofYZ0Lb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连接消失点，画出物品的厚度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbs4ygHhFGDiSScPhtk4bQf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：连接点与消失点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/391f8e2400754ff68a68a90f4e5bcf14","width":1900},"text":"","id":"MwOyday2IoGOWCxk1c9cjcI1nub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKQBLa5IPVWmJ6KC9LkfLf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1：X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXnmi8tI8hqQxA85x2QqbId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a， 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环，找到每一个方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnThbyvwwaDqL3nWU9fj9eac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中相等，那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线，也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0RdYuJ49ZSKdZB5kRW4Rjf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1：X工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/023e2769a1cd448ebdd12d286213ecf0","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UOkod2mwWoumSkxiw2wcYYdwnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2：N工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19zUExyW6bcBe4GdI70UIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体，那么就需要这个N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3z5kWk6oP6X8b4tc2UA6uf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：首先我们确定我们想要的间距，画出垂线，这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFWVX7BDX9SPdc1n08lbREg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：先用X工具，连接原有方形的对角线，这样就找到这个方形的中点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQZzi3KgqkcHZzFI8cbT43"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：从方形的中点，画出一条与透视线平行的线，与方形的边相交得到了点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksuspRImMzxpiG6UR0FVwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：然后我们再从方形的端点B，延伸到点A，相较于透视线，得到了点C。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl2NkFLefCKPdaveHsJ1Guf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线，我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此，可以得到多个相同的等距方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneJTW9Y9FQfTQt0kN44dnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中可以这么复制，在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N，所以称之为N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrJcgFoiGnv81eNMcFbItZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2：N工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/928994deaccf48729156cb827f61d872","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Gyoed4G2ioQ6wSxidhrcYVOXn1x"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOoCH7T8x1miUwaGISKE5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxpLVJ4pbTgkQkHT6V8415f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同，可以画出多个柱子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5nJx77DLNQCjEEApKqqtJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh0BaVzIxlzxHTzIm4lNk9q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：接下来添加一些细节，就完成绘画了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVu7UHpbUZzjThbidK3LWke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6dfdb2673c234abb8f8a68beca5bc927","width":1900},"text":"","id":"AA4Uduy6eo2migxiWeDcTsEfn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具3：对角线消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniypOVvW1ELhsN25lwk11Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在绘画固定大小的方格时，使用这个方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDSdnjr64EKxLWyeqAaV6JL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：确定视平线，与视平线上的消失点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRa0gsRVuQ56iEzn4tXxeZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：接着按照一点透视，连接消失点与方形的端点，确定方格大小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQp5vyb1SJevU3lZ1ucMsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：从方形画出对角线，延伸至视平线交叉，得到了对角线消失点B。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE0n2zGHzU1An7uLp1kF7Td"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d94ca0fb8a64cb899b22752f805e1f6","width":1900},"text":"","id":"DWQydGKMwoaGIQxqQv1cLCK4nfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：从方形边角连接点 b ，得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9LQwZbAxDXUZYpXiBqbSlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efa67ace8c3545e4a1c56ece5bf56ffc","width":1900},"text":"","id":"XYC8dyeagoumAMxQlr5cYMPrnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：从消失点连接点d，且贯穿。从点 c 出发，横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyghQUvDcai0py5SOi6sy5f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58abb58b470448beb7695e931ddf1441","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QaYEd6Q4wok8CExgRWScUEeoneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6：重复这个步骤，我们就会得到无数个相同方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMJsJFaYE4wbjJLG8I8Hn6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c281039039f4b70beff60e9c461d6ac","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CK8udIaAuo4KmOxI1ctcDfQ3nrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤7：间隔填上颜色，就画出了一个铺好的地板，我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmCBXDQmTrMms3thtmKAG0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/19f912dd5abd426ca25b949d2f8e9b63","width":1900},"text":"","id":"D80Md6Iw6oWs4cxcNnrcO0wXnwc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyLdU88lzjOebFTKjCKrcKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视，特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行，而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn03fLBh5PMIdBbKPOl6RMhK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGmUdi8cAoSigCxS7kicByeVn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ZH6fXsDiz8pPngSr7Vkgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发，向两个消失点连线，我们就得到了方程的两个侧面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4jiKUdjixKQHs82x5aKIyb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06635c29d27a4e51a8cd3bf81ff43053","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EiAYdy8MEoOEcaxKu1ScrquJnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：找到顶点R和K，与消失点点连接支线。R连接H，K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkicBfETLwdFN0vZK2DxNOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa2b433484f4e7db2ad8fae40d04c1d","width":1900},"text":"","id":"GYwmdeIK6oeIcgxIDWZcFvlOn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：其他角度均是如此。记住，所有的消失点都消失于 ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"hl","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 两个消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnf3d7VTyEnHkTTSGuPn69rb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":938,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40e7d5758a284a3eb323111e6d62b436","width":1750},"text":"","id":"doxcnRiLe66Tlw3C2FCLPz7tyub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw7RQEX37mL5zr9P384Psae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们画画时，大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视，大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视，一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykzuvOnE63BvVNMv574hMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线，确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点，但是切记视平线要始终保持不变，且只有一条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQxbJmSkhdVcsHKdIzx0wEF"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d205a0aaaf9f4d62912aa57c380df639","width":1888},"text":"","id":"doxcnEwmdLaTbyQBTOAFNDCcnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：按照上述教过的方法，画出多个不同的物体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl39FRhaLt1vDwCWWIyjoeh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e4520eca4cdb4b1b925112d0626cd308","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sc2gdcSk4o6ggoxkHa2cJ7lCnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr0cE2KuuzNDxh7A3kL5meg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKNYjM3H2YmNvJlSGvq9yFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、X工具却确定中点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOdQRRYnBmh7ug8JbRqyVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、连接中点与消失点，就可以平分长方体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwGagMcv1NvXHQq8loJ9Rlg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2c6ae11b265486183c0cfe74543362a","width":1900},"text":"","id":"KEkQd64Soo2W2SxyQTDcQrdfnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的对角线消失工具，与一点透视同理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjT1JH5tObJIwHV0HN13lQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示范练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsvDndyV6MWVsg0RvnM79Yc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dbea501642e040a39b14b49710bacc17","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W028dwOA4oWIUWxVzF8cEl9Enpt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkjL8coq1hDzK0KfYd7TMhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntX24R3SHBmhHHKjV2O3snh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头，或者低头的画面中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoVHcQx5AUDJnzaAep0TqPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1074,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afa3da1009434ae8af088cf445ac2aa8","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnsaAjhKuSgnxRsQxke5xJ8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视，有三个消失点，会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视，倒三角形是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNXUBoNdk1XbZhJ3MbyRaEf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8028724b1bd94131acaefdcb8f142002","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sm4od2i4IoOIIqx4lX9cdTS6nFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/395dff0d62014267ae7ce7c14c53bdc8","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CI6Udm0WQoiaoaxqsdvcheV4nEc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视的特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的，只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于，三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行，而是相交于一点，形成了三个消失点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCTzPqAlgP2KeooEag93Dbf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1038,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/02b2b0b8f6de49589d0cf8ac43f8b435","width":1870},"text":"","id":"doxcnX2yglNzwXK7O6cJbDeUxSe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1016,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b5d5538dc8642069d2e88fa70485f0f","width":1898},"text":"","id":"doxcnYPZO4S0JeMfVccFgH8sJ2e"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线，而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73483b1ad7ef4770afb35155e20d099e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"YcUwdW84koeMi2xcTUwcbGqfnpg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/672f313c3cdc460b8e1e2088f69b26ef","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OOusdS6QUocqMixQ9Odc3vXEnZc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，正式开始作画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1KudFO4DbK3rlqBtibmDVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：应用对角线消失点画出地板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntGD0EKeCxmMYS50RY8HLgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：画出人体脚底板的位置，按照透视来确定脚的位置，可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnORw0vYXPl0d33TvYpjEQLj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成，用N工具来确定人体大比例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndZejGfg2BM2RIxs8nBjcTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：人体细节完善，画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SO3C2QaJC7p4tk7ecd8Be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6：同理画出其他物品，如小轿车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnesKjpZnwcNBTGFgLQEtKkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1012,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，正式开始作画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3347b46442a64ae48aeedecbf7303504","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UIEMdUoaOoQUUUxiqOhc2iXsneg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYfZJVApJPA6nnEUN6DOOFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7N5pG57TSMdPIQ7MvUIuXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟悉透视之后，需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzxs1NfaaiLyWkZXbPt1R9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议每天画一百个左右，坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对，也可以每天画10~20个，需要坚持2-3个月左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz9WZtMTzLApMxig0FMqUhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方形翻滚作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8mW4Xwi00rXj3fGFJ7Grig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":836,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ee6f972defc4f7b84014eb176eef07d","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcn2FLeXG70xFPEaJCbCh8xDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十字方翻滚多角度作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9kXrxLebrCWyPQhLvQATI5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO83K7PvJcNXevpIP1kbddg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":944,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f72e428c395e4152b641592a9fe588c9","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnFBcDRCijjHdL52TnMPrAtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzQBDLPrbO2iRbUeywmV0pf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f090580165c84eb3b6181caee5551a13","width":1776},"text":"","id":"doxcnDUavHQKMqeIFkjVzrBADtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆翻滚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA7uYijLgIYlqxzcCBXKw5g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oRteY3QPSVWgwoL7zuq9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来我们把难度升级，物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体，接着再练习方形的翻滚一样，让我们的物体翻滚起来，练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉，去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右（每天如果只有1-2小时，需要练习3~4个月的时间）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEH6TW5hw8Mnn0IGQm7Aigc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65e74418c1ac425e8496e5e6c7a0b286","width":1816},"text":"","id":"doxcn3eazxmlyoCli6jMps3lQkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd755759b0d24b67b17217261b49749c","width":1878},"text":"","id":"doxcnjB9kbo3KrOW7mx1IuPzMef"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj0pi7xcKQq0fs4Y0FxbuNR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAYSduEuuoMUwQxiYGecHjzTnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《像艺术家一样思考》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsDc4VeM19F0k7ab6Papymw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":734,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9ddaba65e864180b372c70db73f895f","width":606},"text":"","id":"doxcnTp1ucPivd6dqZlbaByByAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《透视画法入门》，建议整本通读，每篇都进行临摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWAT2F4oPk6p8KjGwumrIqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":674,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/78ab8ab84b0c48cd924d575692e10d3d","width":670},"text":"","id":"doxcnJwYE0jy6V18X1YvETqZvBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《贝蒂的色彩》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn07fPnU8gdF1Vmz7uUzZtFf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":568,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7cd70b6e955b4296901d43a354e60bd8","width":840},"text":"","id":"doxcnJDwGx237Z7tYa6RUvQo2Jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《FIGURE DRAWING》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnncfGHszvN7o6MT3GtjSrmc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":860,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0c9dbbb768941c7a5b8a1662eddf726","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnJrctjsxD2zZcCKEwKAGYmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读，整本临摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpzvyKJFFu9f0z60NLX5XTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21c5fe224437415494773901e4b861f5","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcn8QNDmkGmW2HORwvyoyH3xQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagDegjMrMDEq8r1acuFfdd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

2. 约翰迪尔5e954拖拉机

我知道约翰比不上久保田舒适，久保田的机头好，具体来说震动小，长时间操作跟约翰相比疲劳度会小很多！至于性能方面，久保田的机质量超好，绝对不会出现像你说的约翰的漏油事件，而且维修很方便，当你在作业的时候，如果机器有点小毛病，完全可以自己搞定，不用工具都不用多带！再不行叫久保田的维修人员，他们的服务很到位！总得来说久保田是贵买平用，约翰是平买贵用！

3. 迪尔新款6b954拖拉机

编程是编定程序的中文简称，就是让计算机代码解决某个问题，对某个计算体系规定一定的运算方式，使计算体系按照该计算方式运行，并最终得到相应结果的过程。编程能提高逻辑思维能力，加强计算能力。

编程语言

Python

Python是一种面向对象有着代码简洁、可读性强特点的解释型计算机程序设计语言。代码简洁是因为它把许多的复杂的操作封装起来，将C语言中麻烦的指针和内存管理对开发者隐藏起来，使得在开发过程中，无须在意这部分的细节。另外Python这门语言强制用户用缩进进行排版，若不好好排版，则代码编译无法通过，或者运行过程会出现错误。

C语言

C语言是一门面向过程的、抽象化的广泛应用于底层开发的通用程序设计语言，能以简易的方式编译和处理低级存储器。C语言既具有高级语言的特点，又具有汇编语言的特点，是仅产生少量机器语言以及不需要任何运行环境支持便能运行的高效率程序设计语言。

是有简洁的语言、具有结构化的控制语句、丰富的数据类型、丰富的运算符、可对物理地址进行直接操作、代码具有较好的可移植性、可生成高质量、目标代码执行效率高的程序。

Java

Java通过面向作为静态对象的编程语言的代表，可以充分的实现面向的对象理论的编程语言，有简单性、功能强大、分布式、健壮性、安全性、平台独立与可移植性、多线程及动态性的特点。

Java支持在网络上应用，Java既支持各种层次的网络连接，又以Socket类支持可靠的流（stream）网络连接，它是分布式语言。所以用户可以产生分布式的客户机和服务器。网络变成软件应用的分布运载工具。Java程序只要编写一次，就可到处运行。

PHP

PHP是一种被广泛应用的开放源代码的多用途脚本语言，它可嵌入到 HTML中，尤其适合 web 开发。

使用 PHP 的最大的好处是它对于初学者来说极其简单，同时也给专业的程序员提供了各种高级的特性，只需几个小时就可以自己写一些简单的脚本。尽管 PHP 的开发是以服务端脚本为目的，但事实上其功能远不局限于此。

GO

Go语言（又称 Golang）是一种静态强类型、编译型语言，是一个开源编程环境，可以轻松构建简单、可靠和高效的软件。Go 语言语法与 C 相近，但功能上有：内存安全，GC（垃圾回收），结构形态及 CSP-style 并发计算。Go 内嵌了关联数组（也称为哈希表（Hashes）或字典（Dictionaries）），就像字符串类型一样。

对比

python和c语言的区别主要体现在：语言类型、内存管理、速度、应用、运行、对象、声明、测试和调试难度、复杂度、学习程度。 测试和调试难度不同：Python相对其他语言而言是非常简单的语言，高度集成，代码量少。Python中的测试和调试更容易；C中测试和调试更难。 学习难度不同：Python：Python程序更易于学习，编写和阅读；C语言：C程序语法比Python更难。

python 跟 java 一样是强类型语言，也就是说它不会根据环境变化自动改变数据类型。python 是动态语言，而 java 是静态语言。也就是说 python 在编程时，永远不用给任何变量指定数据类型，而 java 写程序时必须声明所有变量的数据类型。

python 的模块类似于 java 的 class，不过python模块导入会执行 代码的内容，而 java 不会。python 与 java 的执行方式还是蛮像的，都是将源码编译成 byte code 然后交给相应的虚拟机去执行。

Python的框架数量较少，而PHP中成熟的框架比较多；PHP是面向web的语言，而Python是多用途语言，也可以用于web开发；Python使用非常严格的缩进强制执行，使它比PHP更具可读性。

学习思路

认识编程

编程语言（programming language）又称程序设计语言，是一组用特定语言编写的用于执行特定任务的指令。主要用于开发桌面应用、操作系统、网站、移动应用等。

低级编程语言

它基于二进制数 0 和 1 工作，处理器直接运行低级程序，不需要编译器或解释器，因此用低级语言编写的程序可以运行得非常快。

低级语言进一步分为两部分

机器语言

机器语言也称为机器代码或目标代码，更容易阅读，因为它通常以二进制或十六进制形式（基数 16）形式显示。

它不需要翻译器来转换程序，因为计算机直接理解机器语言程序。

汇编语言

汇编语言是为特定处理器设计的，它以象征性和人类可理解的形式表示一组指令。它使用汇编程序将汇编语言转换为机器语言。

中级编程语言

中级编程语言介于低级编程语言和高级编程语言之间。

它也被称为中间程序语言和伪语言。

中级编程语言的优点是支持高级编程的特性，是一种用户友好的语言，与机器语言和人类语言密切相关。

例如：C、C++

高级编程语言

高级编程语言 (HLL) 旨在开发用户友好的软件程序和网站。

这种编程语言需要编译器或解释器将程序翻译成机器语言（执行程序）。

示例：Python、Java、JavaScript、PHP、C#、C++ 等。

编程实践

学习编程语言的过程简单描述为：过、抄、仿、改、调、看、练、创、悟。

过

基础知识点不求深解，语言什么样的，适用场合、基本语法格式

抄代码

从书上抄、例子中抄、边抄边想边想边回忆语法

模仿改

仿照给出的代码写出自己的代码

勤调试

不断调试验证自己想法，继续思考，再次验证。熟悉调试工具调试方法

看n遍

出错或者遇到问题时，将代码从头到尾看n遍直到快记住，找出问题原因

练

2-5步三遍以上

创新

拿出一个没有写过的根据要求，一步一步写出来，写不出来参考6

悟

主动找到写代码的感觉和成就感，保持下去。

选择大于努力，只有切入一个适合自己的开发方向，才能持续进步。关于开发方向，我有以下两个选择标准。

兴趣

学习编程是一个非常枯燥的过程，内容多，时间长，成本高，即使报名了培训班也学不会，所以，我们首先要选择自己感兴趣的一个开发方向，这样不但能快速学习，以后还能持续进步。学习编程的过程是比较艰苦的，没有兴趣很难硬抗下来，此处的兴趣，是指别人无法撼动的热爱，是工作之余让你放松的事情。如果你只是有过某种想法，别人告诉你这个想法不靠谱，你就放弃了，这顶多是一时的鸡血。

学习方式

费曼学习法

在学完一个东西之后去给别人讲明白，注意是讲给别人听，当你写成文章发表在网上的时候，你自然会去用更通俗的语言，更清晰的逻辑去讲述这个事物背后的逻辑。这个过程是对自己学习的一个检验，也是加深映像整理思路的重要过程。

那么如果你是去记笔记的话，很有可能你会倾向于去照抄，或是不完全照抄，以“提纲”或是“知识点”的形式抄在本子上。说句实话，照抄的笔记真的没用，因为现在搜索引擎的能力已经可以让你把大多数东西快速找到，你为什么还要照抄到笔记本上呢？

从功利的角度考虑，技术文章的写作，别人可以直接访问，也可以逐渐累积你的影响力，一个好的个人技术博客，会给你的简历加分很多，而一个厚厚的笔记本，没有人会管你记了什么。

做好笔记

大多数人没有过目不忘的神技，学了也不一定马上掌握，需要过后花时间慢慢领悟，而且还有忘掉的风险，所以对于重要的知识点都要做好笔记。编程的过程中总会遇到各种各样的问题，比如编程环境的配置，常用的快捷键，编程过程中的错误、异常，软件更新问题等等。面对这些问题都是如何解决的，一定要记录下来，一是增加自己解决问题的经验，而是以防下次出现。

多看官方文档

外文资料互联网是一个更新迭代很快的行业，所有编程语言都会不断的更新新功能和修复旧Bug，网上查的资料很有可能是旧的解决方案，现在已经不适用了。所以最好最快的方法就是查看官方文档。

进入行业圈子

只有进入行业圈子与其他人交流，你才了解最新的行业动态，才知道自己需要更新哪些技能。

动手做项目

学习编程的最终目的就是用所学的做出具有一定功能的项目，而做项目又是最好的学习和巩固知识的方式。如果前期能力不足就先做一些简单的功能模块，一步一步慢慢来，不要一开始就要实现各种酷炫炸天功能，遇到不会的就在网上查， 现在互联网这么发达，获取资源也及其方便。而且开发前也最好在网上查一下有没有已经成型的框架或模板，什么都自己做一是很耗费时间，二是自己技术能力不足还可能留下不少坑。

学习Python

安装编程环境

第一步：访问Python官网，获取最新安装程序。

第二步：运行下载的安装程序，注意勾选“Add Python3.7 to PATH”,然后选择个性化安装，即“Customize installation”。

第三步：确保“pip”被勾选上，之后安装各种库需要用到pip。

第四步：高级选项，需要的可以修改安装目录，通常没有需要修改的，直接点“Install”。

第五步：等待程序自动安装完成。

第六步：出现如下界面，说明安装已完成。

第七步：验证方法，Windows+R 键打开“运行”窗口，输入cmd运行，进入命令提示窗口，再输入python，进入Python的命令模式，输入 print("Hello")，结果输出了 Hello，如下图所示，确定开发环境已安装完成。

运行环境

Hello World!

命令行

在Linux命令行输入：$python

将直接进入python。然后在命令行提示符>>>后面输入：>>>print('Hello World!')

可以看到，随后在屏幕上输出:

Hello World!

print是一个常用函数，其功能就是输出括号中得字符串。

（在Python 2.x中，print还可以是一个关键字，可写成print 'Hello World!'，但这在3.x中行不通 ）

小程序

另一个使用Python的方法，是写一个Python程序。用文本编辑器写一个.py结尾的文件，比如说hello.py

在hello.py中写入如下，并保存：print('Hello World!')

退出文本编辑器，然后在命令行输入：$python hello.py

来运行hello.py。可以看到Python随后输出Hello World!

脚本

我们还可以把Python程序hello.py改成一个可执行的脚本，直接执行：#!/usr/bin/env python

print('Hello World!')

需要修改上面程序的权限为可执行：chmod 755 hello.py

然后再命令行中，输入./hello.py

就可以直接运行了。

基本数据类型

变量不声明

Python的变量不需要声明，你可以直接输入：>>>a = 10

那么你的内存里就有了一个变量a， 它的值是10，它的类型是integer (整数)。 在此之前你不需要做什么特别的声明，而数据类型是Python自动决定的。

>>>print(a)

>>>print(type(a))

那么会有如下输出：

10

这里，我们学到一个内置函数type()，用以查询变量的类型。

回收变量名

如果你想让a存储不同的数据，你不需要删除原有变量就可以直接赋值。

>>>a = 1.3

>>>print(a,type(a))

会有如下输出

1.3

序列

sequence（序列）是一组有顺序的元素的集合，（严格的说，是对象的集合，但鉴于我们还没有引入“对象”概念，暂时说元素）序列可以包含一个或多个元素，也可以没有任何元素。

我们之前所说的基本数据类型，都可以作为序列的元素。元素还可以是另一个序列，以及我们以后要介绍的其他对象。

序列有两种：tuple（定值表； 也有翻译为元组） 和 list (表)

>>>s1 = (2, 1.3, 'love', 5.6, 9, 12, False) # s1是一个tuple

>>>s2 = [True, 5, 'smile'] # s2是一个list

>>>print(s1,type(s1))

>>>print(s2,type(s2))

tuple和list的主要区别在于，一旦建立，tuple的各个元素不可再变更，而list的各个元素可以再变更。

一个序列作为另一个序列的元素

>>>s3 = [1,[3,4,5]]

空序列

>>>s4 = []

自学

网站

菜鸟网站

这个python教程很适合小白学习，没有高深的原理，照着教程学就完事了。

菜鸟教程是一个提供免费编程学习的网站，里面不但能学到编程知识，还能运用在线编程工具，使你在学习的过程中得到发挥，实践得真理，边学边做中让基础打得更稳，让自己的知识更加稳固。在自己有不明白不理解的地方可以在网站的用户笔记中寻找大佬们的笔记，把自己所学和技术大佬的经验所融合，使自己更好地提升自己的能力。

菜鸟教程内容丰富，例如前端热门语言HTML5、CSS3、JavaScript、Vue等它该有的都有，都会从最基础的开始教，让刚学编程的小白由浅及深，一看就懂。每个知识点都有实例可以动手，直接在页面内做你想要的效果真的非常棒。菜鸟的排版简洁清晰有序，内容一针见血，让你一看就能明白其知识点的含义。

菜鸟教程不仅前端教程语言丰富，后端的Java、PHP、Python更是一应俱全，当然数据库、移动端、XML、ASP.NET、Web Service、开发工具和网站建设也是应有尽有，菜鸟教程有学到的知识如此之多，奋斗吧少年。

廖雪峰的官方网站

廖雪峰的官方网站比较推荐新手程序员学习前端，这个网站的教学视频的讲解相对来说会比较生动，没有其他教程那么死板，看起来也不至于那么犯困，也更便于新手去理解。总的来说，廖雪峰的官方网站作为一款启蒙类的前端学习网站还是相当不错的。

Python官方教程

这是Python官方出品的教程，可搭配Python标准库一起学。

书籍

《Python编程从入门到实践（第2版）》

作者：埃里克·马瑟斯 （EricMatthes）袁国忠 译

ISBN：9787115546081

出版：人民邮电出版社

本书是针对所有层次Python读者而作的Python门书。全书分两部分：部分介绍用Python编程所必须了解的基本概念，包括强大的Python库和工具，以及列表、字典、if语句、类、文件与异常、代码测试等内容；第二部分将理论付诸实践，讲解如何发三个项目，包括简单的2D游戏、利用数据生成交互式的信息图以及创建和定制简单的Web应用，并帮助读者解决常见编程问题和困惑。

《像计算机科学家一样学Python》

ISBN：9787115425515

作者：艾伦 B. 唐尼（Allen B. Downey）

出版：人民邮电出版社

本书以培养读者以计算机科学家一样的思维方式来理解Python语言编程。贯穿全书的主体是如何思考、设计、发的方法，而具体的编程语言，只是提供了一个具体场景方便介绍的媒介。全书共21章，详细介绍Python语言编程的方方面面。本书从基本的编程概念始讲起，包括语言的语法和语义，而且每个编程概念都有清晰的定义，引领读者循序渐地学习变量、表达式、语句、函数和数据结构。书中还探讨了如何处理文件和数据库，如何理解对象、方法和面向对象编程，如何使用调试技巧来修正语法错误、运行时错误和语义错误。

《计算机科学丛书：Java编程思想》

ISBN：9787111213826

作者：[美] Bruce Eckel

出版：机械工业出版社

本书的作者拥有多年教学经验，对C、C++以及Java语言都有独到、深入的见解，以通俗易懂及小而直接的示例解释了一个个晦涩抽象的概念。本书共22章，包括操作符、控制执行流程、访问权限控制、复用类、多态、接口、通过异常处理错误、字符串、泛型、数组、容器深入研究、JavaI/O系统、枚举类型、并发以及图形化用户界面等内容。这些丰富的内容，包含了Java语言基础语法以及高级特性，适合各个层次的Java程序员阅读，同时也是高等院校讲授面向对象程序设计语言以及Java语言的好教材和参考书。

《疯狂Java讲义》

ISBN：9787121361586

作者：李刚

出版：电子工业出版社

《疯狂Java讲义（第4版）》深入介绍了Java编程的相关方面，《疯狂Java讲义（第4版）》内容覆盖了Java的基本语法结构、Java的面向对象特征、Java集合框架体系、Java泛型、异常处理、Java GUI编程、JDBC数据库编程、Java注释、Java的IO流体系、Java多线程编程、Java网络通信编程和Java反射机制。覆盖了java.lang、java.util、java.text、java.io和java.nio、java.sql、java.awt、javax.swing包下绝大部分类和接口。本书重点介绍了Java 9的模块化系统，还详细介绍了Java 9的jshell工具、多版本JAR包、匿名内部类的菱形语法、增强的try语句、私有接口方法，以及Java 9新增的各种API功能。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编程是编定程序的中文简称，就是让计算机代码解决某个问题，对某个计算体系规定一定的运算方式，使计算体系按照该计算方式运行，并最终得到相应结果的过程","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。编程能提高逻辑思维能力，加强计算能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WceadiusyoyOwaxoNSsceBGjnVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编程语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oqa2diWSioCqoexAhV7cd5qbnLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYCIdicsYoyiUgx6drTcXYVMn4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python是一种面向对象有着代码简洁、可读性强特点的解释型计算机程序设计语言。代码简洁是因为它把许多的复杂的操作封装起来，将C语言中麻烦的指针和内存管理对开发者隐藏起来，使得在开发过程中，无须在意这部分的细节。另外Python这门语言强制用户用缩进进行排版，若不好好排版，则代码编译无法通过，或者运行过程会出现错误。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeiEdQ4GAoc8Koxm6Oucd3MonOb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":701,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Python","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aeaa7b58948c4124bd69b6417e51906a","width":1563},"text":"","id":"DSA6demiCo8YmgxGYDmcdbmenQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"C语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKKodkW2Wo0muoxaYdScS9gDnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C语言是一门面向过程的、抽象化的广泛应用于底层开发的通用程序设计语言，能以简易的方式编译和处理低级存储器。C语言既具有高级语言的特点，又具有汇编语言的特点，是仅产生少量机器语言以及不需要任何运行环境支持便能运行的高效率程序设计语言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WkgAdki6koYcsSxzF93csMeynCk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是有简洁的语言、具有结构化的控制语句、丰富的数据类型、丰富的运算符、可对物理地址进行直接操作、代码具有较好的可移植性、可生成高质量、目标代码执行效率高的程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FkCQdiCsmo40iqxg7ujcPBy9nHe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":806,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"C语言","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6f859719f77941aea4a29e7119f20a7f","width":1603},"text":"","id":"ME8ad6QuAoiWo2xe8zCc3gXrnog"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FWK8d2GSUoMME2xUxHzc8kMYnQR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java通过面向作为静态对象的编程语言的代表，可以充分的实现面向的对象理论的编程语言，有简单性、功能强大、分布式、健壮性、安全性、平台独立与可移植性、多线程及动态性的特点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeIod6souoE4EkxgjEfcOZkLnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java支持在网络上应用，Java既支持各种层次的网络连接，又以Socket类支持可靠的流（stream）网络连接，它是分布式语言。所以用户可以产生分布式的客户机和服务器。网络变成软件应用的分布运载工具。Java程序只要编写一次，就可到处运行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Te4udsisCoK44gxMpuPcDy11nfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":839,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Java","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e1656925be54be393b49dc2e2ac7b80","width":1893},"text":"","id":"SUW6d0aw2oskC4x2FMSc3WhNnRg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ic6kdo08aoY4GuxeY6Qc3Z8nnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP是一种被广泛应用的开放源代码的多用途脚本语言，它可嵌入到 HTML中，尤其适合 web 开发。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwQ8dKQCeoGAmixqM7BcXdgUnAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 PHP 的最大的好处是它对于初学者来说极其简单，同时也给专业的程序员提供了各种高级的特性，只需几个小时就可以自己写一些简单的脚本。尽管 PHP 的开发是以服务端脚本为目的，但事实上其功能远不局限于此。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DW0Odakc6ouW6Kxu6kPcdPF3nZd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":648,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/300a2e3c7e954e7b8def92163c3f3673","width":1828},"text":"","id":"Naq2duscgogQ2oxYjg2cosy1nEe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"GO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwWwdCYeAoMuMuxCiNpcqJKpnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Go语言（又称 Golang）是一种静态强类型、编译型语言，是一个开源编程环境，可以轻松构建简单、可靠和高效的软件。Go 语言语法与 C 相近，但功能上有：内存安全，GC（垃圾回收），结构形态及 CSP-style 并发计算。Go 内嵌了关联数组（也称为哈希表（Hashes）或字典（Dictionaries）），就像字符串类型一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIY6dO8ecoGoOOxmUVPcViIAnxb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":772,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"GO","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a879bbdd4b64d2b9b54d3f7358e7ed3","width":1522},"text":"","id":"GuiUdc6UCoKUWGxaCogc2jcrnFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"对比","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EGqmdKMsGogUeexukQ5cA2wTnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python和c语言的区别主要体现在：语言类型、内存管理、速度、应用、运行、对象、声明、测试和调试难度、复杂度、学习程度。 测试和调试难度不同：Python相对其他语言而言是非常简单的语言，高度集成，代码量少。Python中的测试和调试更容易；C中测试和调试更难。 学习难度不同：Python：Python程序更易于学习，编写和阅读；C语言：C程序语法比Python更难。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEyKduA4Iow6Kwx8ZiCcPQaVnHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python 跟 java 一样是强类型语言，也就是说它不会根据环境变化自动改变数据类型。python 是动态语言，而 java 是静态语言。也就是说 python 在编程时，永远不用给任何变量指定数据类型，而 java 写程序时必须声明所有变量的数据类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6yAdOUQqoQSIYxs7XVcPwlSnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python 的模块类似于 java 的 class，不过python模块导入会执行 代码的内容，而 java 不会。python 与 java 的执行方式还是蛮像的，都是将源码编译成 byte code 然后交给相应的虚拟机去执行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmgOds4Ceoi0KoxGa8nc0GLDneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python的框架数量较少，而PHP中成熟的框架比较多；PHP是面向web的语言，而Python是多用途语言，也可以用于web开发；Python使用非常严格的缩进强制执行，使它比PHP更具可读性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MW22d02SsoU2oYxesy1cIEfsnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SA4kdwiSIoMW42xCGzDcMMyXnfe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习思路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECkydGqiIoEmKoxQzshckC4rncd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识编程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IkSQdA02Ko64KKxoHAGc6cEwnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编程语言（programming language）又称程序设计语言，是一组用特定语言编写的用于执行特定任务的指令。主要用于开发桌面应用、操作系统、网站、移动应用等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HM2udQ0giowuekxoV1kchShynhc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"低级编程语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CkEQdgiGooaKGaxesABch5T1nlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它基于二进制数 0 和 1 工作，处理器直接运行低级程序，不需要编译器或解释器，因此用低级语言编写的程序可以运行得非常快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UgoMde6QIou8yAxambScEu1vnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"低级语言进一步分为两部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ASy6dMoGooWsKaxeCDAcTUajnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"机器语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z8MKdYOOmoucO0xai2uc1TUKnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"机器语言也称为机器代码或目标代码，更容易阅读，因为它通常以二进制或十六进制形式（基数 16）形式显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIgMdsykeoaykIxawjVcRE7HnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它不需要翻译器来转换程序，因为计算机直接理解机器语言程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LMsSdcWGsooA00xgzJUcR80Inuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" 汇编语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xi0gdKkgGo0oKYxE0vacrHAtngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汇编语言是为特定处理器设计的，它以象征性和人类可理解的形式表示一组指令。它使用汇编程序将汇编语言转换为机器语言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GYOQdMKQuoGkoExyYdkcuU2anIf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级编程语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGmIdsSwmoY8A2x89NUcdbWbnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级编程语言介于低级编程语言和高级编程语言之间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q822d2sssoQQGYxAzK6c9GqFnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它也被称为中间程序语言和伪语言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BuG2d8s6AoiIWCxGQt1cGdbgneg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中级编程语言的优点是支持高级编程的特性，是一种用户友好的语言，与机器语言和人类语言密切相关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIg6dMMGaoYSu0xSyhpcKu46nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：C、C++","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LK8sduKWaoa0oUxQXspcudVbnid"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高级编程语言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FaYsdG0KqoOGW6xa4u0c0UQVn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高级编程语言 (HLL) 旨在开发用户友好的软件程序和网站。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rsi4dE64WoykEkxzYAIcCNc8nbH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种编程语言需要编译器或解释器将程序翻译成机器语言（执行程序）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IOqmdGCEcoeC2wxXJElc68FsnvL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示例：Python、Java、JavaScript、PHP、C#、C++ 等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CgagdYoyyoQMCwxJ65zcUJF6ntC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编程实践","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGCQdQuyyoIu8Cx8DxYcWwFGnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学习编程语言的过程简单描述为：过、抄、仿、改、调、看、练、创、悟。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUUOdqi2Ko6mSix0qMBcv94pnAb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"过","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqSsduwsUoqSamxyGKWcWlLqnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础知识点不求深解，语言什么样的，适用场合、基本语法格式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XO0mdIAcMoOisgxuAb6cTIvHn9I"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄代码","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwqWdC2AioWsWGxNBikcRf0unBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从书上抄、例子中抄、边抄边想边想边回忆语法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XQWmdmoMcoQ82axuI6Lcjb6knDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模仿改","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOc0dUWuAogWYAx8vZycJ1OYnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仿照给出的代码写出自己的代码","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iokkd0EewoMSMuxqCAKch8tRnZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"勤调试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CCIsd2secoIAiOxUXGhcQ55Mncc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不断调试验证自己想法，继续思考，再次验证。熟悉调试工具调试方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sg8CdMOy8oMyysxC0jyc1mzunff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"看n遍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UW4Id0cOooa6EAxIro7c3bT5nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出错或者遇到问题时，将代码从头到尾看n遍直到快记住，找出问题原因","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ROsUdMEyQoewGUxB0JWcntn7nh6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ag2EdIGQQowSOOxRfD2cRMnOnNl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2-5步三遍以上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D8eod4eqmoEUcQx0XNVcgNE9n7Z"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"创新","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JqU2damiUoQm4CxUSSDcpg16nAn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿出一个没有写过的根据要求，一步一步写出来，写不出来参考6","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIeidUEkooIGGWxmAUQcWltanhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"悟","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4ikdSQY4oacQWxQ3RocOJTbnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主动找到写代码的感觉和成就感，保持下去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZOCqd80k8oi8GgxkFcUcGuxan6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择大于努力，只有切入一个适合自己的开发方向，才能持续进步。关于开发方向，我有以下两个选择标准。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R620d6Qwko6O4gxeS37cRQxjnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 兴趣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCkGd64Gwo6UcqxoV8Icg1G8nCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习编程是一个非常枯燥的过程，内容多，时间长，成本高，即使报名了培训班也学不会，所以，我们首先要选择自己感兴趣的一个开发方向，这样不但能快速学习，以后还能持续进步。学习编程的过程是比较艰苦的，没有兴趣很难硬抗下来，此处的兴趣，是指别人无法撼动的热爱，是工作之余让你放松的事情。如果你只是有过某种想法，别人告诉你这个想法不靠谱，你就放弃了，这顶多是一时的鸡血。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BgqEdSkuMoqmqExFM9Dc7lBYnmk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FG6OdgEWAosIcexYLUecc900nLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"费曼学习法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOYAdYUk6oEk4gx7u0ycaoPsnEy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在学完一个东西之后去给别人讲明白，注意是讲给别人听，当你写成文章发表在网上的时候，你自然会去用更通俗的语言，更清晰的逻辑去讲述这个事物背后的逻辑。这个过程是对自己学习的一个检验，也是加深映像整理思路的重要过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EyYWdScu2o0ca2xIRdgcR5k2nnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么如果你是去记笔记的话，很有可能你会倾向于去照抄，或是不完全照抄，以“提纲”或是“知识点”的形式抄在本子上。说句实话，照抄的笔记真的没用，因为现在搜索引擎的能力已经可以让你把大多数东西快速找到，你为什么还要照抄到笔记本上呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSu4dusiqoIcCcxCOhTccQL5n3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从功利的角度考虑，技术文章的写作，别人可以直接访问，也可以逐渐累积你的影响力，一个好的个人技术博客，会给你的简历加分很多，而一个厚厚的笔记本，没有人会管你记了什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SOUSdQWIoo6OMYxIldZcuIU9nKh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"做好笔记","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUoEdyCk0oOa2Ux2lGlcxcJKnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大多数人没有过目不忘的神技，学了也不一定马上掌握，需要过后花时间慢慢领悟，而且还有忘掉的风险，所以对于重要的知识点都要做好笔记。编程的过程中总会遇到各种各样的问题，比如编程环境的配置，常用的快捷键，编程过程中的错误、异常，软件更新问题等等。面对这些问题都是如何解决的，一定要记录下来，一是增加自己解决问题的经验，而是以防下次出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGGwdgoU0oca0gxamqlcZ7HVnCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"多看官方文档","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqyKdYYu8oU6QCxKmzicQi2qnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外文资料互联网是一个更新迭代很快的行业，所有编程语言都会不断的更新新功能和修复旧Bug，网上查的资料很有可能是旧的解决方案，现在已经不适用了。所以最好最快的方法就是查看官方文档。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FGkAdKUGioyu6OxiQ7pcForVnXc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入行业圈子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OEwIdSQ4EoK0U8xHbsJcVXchnCw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"只有进入行业圈子与其他人交流，你才了解最新的行业动态，才知道自己需要更新哪些技能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqkadOImEoakm4xCGrscdtHOnrg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动手做项目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SMIQdeS4Qo60gKxSE1qcpjf9n1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习编程的最终目的就是用所学的做出具有一定功能的项目，而做项目又是最好的学习和巩固知识的方式。如果前期能力不足就先做一些简单的功能模块，一步一步慢慢来，不要一开始就要实现各种酷炫炸天功能，遇到不会的就在网上查， 现在互联网这么发达，获取资源也及其方便。而且开发前也最好在网上查一下有没有已经成型的框架或模板，什么都自己做一是很耗费时间，二是自己技术能力不足还可能留下不少坑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8SSdsQksoOykkxq8qhc2D9UnPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习Python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Noeodu46Eoyg4Oxcz2Lcvsh6nWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ucwad8wU0omK2YxUmNnc76Pjneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：访问Python官网，获取最新安装程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CIWwdiUucoGM4Axe1XscufX4npb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":253,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6243e00debbc4a70b8dc277fa202d4e3","width":500},"text":"","id":"ZAUEdiiUoockeYx4FwFcKNmVnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第二步：运行下载的安装程序，注意勾选“Add Python3.7 to PATH”,然后选择个性化安装，即“Customize installation”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DikMdkUMeoIIwOxEFNjcgKC8nfb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/61c8842e690b42fc8de3ab3bce410252","width":500},"text":"","id":"VeISdQwCcogI8yxKqjrcxkXBnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第三步：确保“pip”被勾选上，之后安装各种库需要用到pip。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JakkdcOG8omkoCxUt62cPMoinKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/257a0f4181604843b6b89e1ab0d338fc","width":500},"text":"","id":"HQUGdykoMoSUmGxymgjcOwounzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第四步：高级选项，需要的可以修改安装目录，通常没有需要修改的，直接点“Install”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8gUdO22So4GWMxk5AAcYxhgnwd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a0bb9ea7ffad45d5aeef1f09f1dde2a4","width":500},"text":"","id":"IGQwdQag4oi06uxWuyacQYQAnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第五步：等待程序自动安装完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqiadCqiEoWewYx0AC8cBcnTneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a46cba8c1cc64627a6bcb5bf991fe3f9","width":500},"text":"","id":"EmCWd0sMaoowOIxuA2lctZeXn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第六步：出现如下界面，说明安装已完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSiudKqaqomAkcx2B6tcVnpGnPd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/379805f0786b447583f0a32c4d573b32","width":500},"text":"","id":"UiCYdig0KoeIUWx049tcMB6bn6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第七步：验证方法，Windows+R 键打开“运行”窗口，输入cmd运行，进入命令提示窗口，再输入python，进入Python的命令模式，输入 print(\"Hello\")，结果输出了 Hello，如下图所示，确定开发环境已安装完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lmoede4cuoEwQKxmabGcMLaXnXf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":261,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安装编程环境","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f84920cc98b14ad9beb9aae12c2e06f7","width":500},"text":"","id":"MsIgduUaEosaG6xSunHcnIm8nvf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"运行环境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lqiwde2SYoKEoOxquyEcgRRLnLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIgSdccwkoeaG8xmadlcUw6Bnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"命令行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAaKdcMMUoSaKcxW4c1ccXeGnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在Linux命令行输入：$python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ac0Udg8sKoo64WxKUEpcVHc9ngc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将直接进入python。然后在命令行提示符\u003e\u003e\u003e后面输入：\u003e\u003e\u003eprint('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C6OwdcCKao0kG8x4u6bchmSwn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以看到，随后在屏幕上输出:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMyIdGao0omCcMxyu1Kc9DyFnQJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HCWydoCIKo02yMxOy7GcZ1MBnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"print是一个常用函数，其功能就是输出括号中得字符串。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K4gYdSoiuo00icxAHmpc1eimnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（在Python 2.x中，print还可以是一个关键字，可写成print 'Hello World!'，但这在3.x中行不通 ）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BQACduGE6oCgSOx2fvYcEcbPn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"小程序","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGqsdeUKwoewYQx3zgdcf4Q4nsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另一个使用Python的方法，是写一个Python程序。用文本编辑器写一个.py结尾的文件，比如说hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LkWEdeSkSosWMexWc7PcjpdvnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在hello.py中写入如下，并保存：print('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JgOsdAKe4ogmyExYHgLcTmQunyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"退出文本编辑器，然后在命令行输入：$python hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"So08dE2imoYYQCxQ2QFcO82cnJL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"来运行hello.py。可以看到Python随后输出Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIKCdsmeYoCwwUx0su3cHkHqnvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"脚本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZsEMdwYWcoQOsQxSSv6cYylLn5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们还可以把Python程序hello.py改成一个可执行的脚本，直接执行：#!/usr/bin/env python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqUgd8CeQoCIeux81qFc7h69nHE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"print('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ASc8d6YmkoASeOxcNArcGC3Anbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要修改上面程序的权限为可执行：chmod 755 hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SY4Sd2aEMoy8E2x8moScAd5Gnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再命令行中，输入./hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcuSdKiEGomYGmxcxZ9cfAzwn9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就可以直接运行了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WoeudWqOAosyosx8vdLcVyTQnre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本数据类型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCwKdMoS2oKi4gxFAqZctL2XnJp"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"变量不声明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsuQdOC6kosCkax4ML4cAJ8Dnje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python的变量不需要声明，你可以直接输入：\u003e\u003e\u003ea = 10","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SoA0dk2IKogMgOxewwVc4LkKnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么你的内存里就有了一个变量a， 它的值是10，它的类型是integer (整数)。 在此之前你不需要做什么特别的声明，而数据类型是Python自动决定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KuuidCs4SooqGex6ZITcthxHnHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(a)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUaadIGOqoYYS4xwFOLcR1CVnEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(type(a))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K2uYdIgSwoIaKexCWFvc3GZnnIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么会有如下输出：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYCKdqwy4oWG6Ux2xQjcXvipnzV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FukWdMmaAoceg4xCaJ5c8ktfnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003cclass 'int'\u003e","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mo4IdywqgoqKI8xSBu7cFmLyndb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里，我们学到一个内置函数type()，用以查询变量的类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8yKdI8amoWwssxaEpQcGuK7nTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"回收变量名","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LmgCdYeiuoIWgWxOon3c3P1Hncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你想让a存储不同的数据，你不需要删除原有变量就可以直接赋值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J0C0dc8UWo4CESx4m4jceRTAn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003ea = 1.3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tme6dEUG8ogECYxMrZOcjBzCnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(a,type(a))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xo8mdWieio2ayqxYvCqcNNnKnac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"会有如下输出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEQgdWU6so2EW0x2pYGc8Up6nLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.3 \u003cclass 'float'\u003e","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xe0Qd0YkEoWcUixQxzNcsc7BnQc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"序列","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K4sIdyYiaooeSKx0ENocBIlknzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sequence（序列）是一组有顺序的元素的集合，（严格的说，是对象的集合，但鉴于我们还没有引入“对象”概念，暂时说元素）序列可以包含一个或多个元素，也可以没有任何元素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKG2d8UMAokU4mxs9Snc667DnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们之前所说的基本数据类型，都可以作为序列的元素。元素还可以是另一个序列，以及我们以后要介绍的其他对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIe2duU4WoQEuMxUTXrcAmmKn2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序列有两种：tuple（定值表； 也有翻译为元组） 和 list (表)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmMwdgGU4oqywAxIZbQcqQHjnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es1 = (2, 1.3, 'love', 5.6, 9, 12, False) # s1是一个tuple","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOaCdYes4o2k8yxWsrqckvlxnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es2 = [True, 5, 'smile'] # s2是一个list","id":""}],"text":"","id":"De8ydgYi2o0ciixAjmgcINQnnzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(s1,type(s1))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IMqQdWcKEogyGuxORI4cXDm9n5N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(s2,type(s2))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EY6idcQaooqaaGx0o8HcNZcmnHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"tuple和list的主要区别在于，一旦建立，tuple的各个元素不可再变更，而list的各个元素可以再变更。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8A0d4wsEoQM6gxy8wfczcPunJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一个序列作为另一个序列的元素","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiqUdsI6Koks4gxyig4ckRhgnGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es3 = [1,[3,4,5]]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoyEdOKywoYs8Ax4E1ic6uIan3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空序列","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWykdUkeWo4UOQxWiu3cKYkDnAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es4 = []","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VWEIdSqWooyg40xMpeYcDMo9nbd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自学","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KW4Odiy8Eo4QyMxmAKFciGS8n4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"网站","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4AadueAIoa4o8xs9gwcSrAxnme"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鸟网站","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqWid0A6UoAOIAxIlTWcxC9Nnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个python教程很适合小白学习，没有高深的原理，照着教程学就完事了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiaCdQGKyo6Wg2xwxHoc2Dxmnxt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鸟教程是一个提供免费编程学习的网站，里面不但能学到编程知识，还能运用在线编程工具，使你在学习的过程中得到发挥，实践得真理，边学边做中让基础打得更稳，让自己的知识更加稳固。在自己有不明白不理解的地方可以在网站的用户笔记中寻找大佬们的笔记，把自己所学和技术大佬的经验所融合，使自己更好地提升自己的能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEgwdWWSsoq682x8f5wchxAynZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鸟教程内容丰富，例如前端热门语言HTML5、CSS3、JavaScript、Vue等它该有的都有，都会从最基础的开始教，让刚学编程的小白由浅及深，一看就懂。每个知识点都有实例可以动手，直接在页面内做你想要的效果真的非常棒。菜鸟的排版简洁清晰有序，内容一针见血，让你一看就能明白其知识点的含义。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WiU8de84coa6cQxcTG1chmmunkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鸟教程不仅前端教程语言丰富，后端的Java、PHP、Python更是一应俱全，当然数据库、移动端、XML、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"ASP.NET","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、Web 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4. 约翰迪尔6b954拖拉机多少钱

将主离合器踩到底，在脚下有个小踏板，右脚踩下小踏板，此时的主离合器踏板可以继续踩下一个行程，这时后动力输出轴的离合器就分开了，拨动专用手柄就可挂上后动力输出轴。

5. 约翰迪尔5b654拖拉机

长宽比例超过黄金比例0.618就是房型扁平，这样的房型看起来狭长，房间不方正，说通俗点就是长方形户型，设计在长方形户型中是尤为重要的，我们可以靠着设计把家里装扮美美的。

装修要点

采光

细长户型的问题其中一个就是采光不好，室内不会特别通透。而一旦光线照不进室内，就容易出现室内阴暗、压抑的情况。如非长方形南北通透户型，也可将厨房门透明，增加采光。我们还可以在装修时多留出几扇窗户，让光线可以尽可能多的照进屋里。除了多开窗户，每个窗户的面积最好也大一些，或者在屋内设计时多加一些辅助照明也是可以的。家里尽量简洁开放一些，留白面积大就会让整个空间更加宽阔透亮。

隔断

长方形的房子客厅会是狭长的，对这样的空间可以做隔断处理。

我们可以通过给细长的户型做隔断，把整个空间分隔成几个小空间，做不同的分区使用。但是做隔断的时候最好不要使用墙体隔断，这样会让本来就不大、就奇怪的户型看起来更小，墙体隔断很占空间，又有不通风的毛病。所以隔断最好选择玻璃门、木格栅、置物架、吧台之类的物品，既可以做整体隔断，也可以做半隔断。

可使用窗帘、珠帘等软隔断来起到分隔作用，这样可以多出一些可用空间来。切记不要使用硬隔断，不仅会增加空间的厚重感，还会感到不方便。

隔断是其中一种划分客厅空间的方式，实际上还有其他方式，长方形户型一大特点通常为长方形客厅，有些面积大的客厅可以区隔成工作台或是小餐厅，甚至是书房等，通常在沙发后摆放长桌等可办公可就餐；还有如卧室不够可隔断卧室，儿童区等。

大户型客厅改造成餐厅

大户型客厅改造成书房

大户型客厅改造成儿童区

玻璃门隔断

木格栅隔断

置物架隔断

吧台隔断

窗帘隔断

珠帘隔断

色彩

细长户型的格局对家里色彩的要求更加严格。家中大面积使用的颜色，例如墙面的颜色，需要和整体软装色调搭配好，不能出现很跳脱的颜色。色彩要有整体的感觉同时也要做到统一。最好选择浅色系作为主色调进行装修，这样可以让原本看起来比较小的细长户型显得通透一些。亮色系可以降低局促和压抑感，比深色系更适合小一点、长一点的户型。材质、质感方面也尽量统一，如吊顶、墙壁、柜体和地面等尽量统一材质，如实木等温润自然，可以促进统一和谐视觉效果，无形中扩充空间体量

在软装上可以选择同一色系多的产品，可以让空间光线更加明亮。例如选择适当的镜面装饰，能提升整体的空间感。切忌使用过多的镜面装饰，不然容易会让人感到不适

家具

细长型的户型看起来会比较小一些，所以挑选家具的时候切忌大件家具，比如落地式的大沙发，比较厚重的木质柜子。我们应该选择占地面积比较小，造型相对比较简约的家具，线条简单才能让家里整体看起来更通透清爽。

选择家具的时候可以多选择一些多功能的家具，这样在既保证充足的收纳空间外，也能增加行走空间。

灯光辅助

房子采光不好，可以多选择一些灯具，借助灯光起到辅助作用，这样就可以让房间亮起来。内部使用的灯具要选择一些造型比较简单富有时尚感的灯具，而且灯具的灯光也经常选择柔和一些的，这样避免对眼睛的刺激从而影响整个空间的视觉效果。

如果觉得柔和的灯光照射的光源并没有那么强，那可以考虑使用辅助光源添加。比如安装灯带或者是添加吸顶灯、筒灯、射灯等灯具，这些灯具的装饰效果会比较强，在增加室内光线的同时还能够使整体看起来比较舒适。

安装灯带

安装吸顶灯

安装筒灯

安装射灯

装饰

其实不管是不是细长户型，只要不是大户型，都不要搭配太多华丽的装饰。过多的装饰品会显得比较乱，不要左摆一个右摆一个，过犹不及。适当留白会让家里显得更加美观。

我们可以利用扁平形户型的死角空间加以装修，设计为相应的收纳空间，这样既可以把空间利用起来，也可以住的比较舒服。

1、进门处可作为外套，皮鞋，皮包，手套，雨伞等物件的藏身之处。诀窍在于不破坏建筑结构前提下，对进户墙面商家处理做一个壁柜下面，部分做中间的小抽屉，可放手套钥匙等零星物品，上面部分可以挂衣服放皮包。

2、卫生间除了有浴缸出水马桶洗脸盆外，还可以放一些塑料盆桶之类的物品。洗脸池台面下做成可拆卸式的搁架，平时可放喷桶一类的物品，也可存放洗衣粉，多余的牙膏，牙刷，肥皂，卫生纸，洗涤剂等。

3、客厅装修的时候可以采用圆角沙发，电视采用挂墙的，这样可以节省一些空间，而且在小角落可以放置一些清新的盆栽。

4、储藏室可以发挥其作用，趁装修之便，在其内部做柜子，分层分格，尺寸按照所需放置物品的规格。

5、厨房中“锅碗瓢盆交响曲”，热闹有加，烦恼不少。可以适当的装修置物架，把东西归置清楚。

6、卧室中的主要储存空间就是衣橱了，衣橱中的衣物可分为床上用品和个人衣装两大类。扁平型卧室应沿用一些简约的色彩和收纳方法，留出较大的卧室空间，避免拥挤的感觉，便于营造安谧的气氛。衣柜可以采用嵌入墙体设计，可以避免整面墙的拥堵感，令视觉效果更为丰富。

装修流程

房屋设计

装修房子需要从设计开始。作为扁平户型，房屋设计要从扁平的角度出发，主体强调光线、家装设计、吊顶、底层防水地暖、储物空间讲究如何改善扁平化房型导致的空间压抑、提高空间利用率，并将自身的想法、意见和业主沟通清楚，这样才能拥有一个良好的设计方案，我们也可以提前选好设计风格，让设计进行设计。另外在设计图出来后，也需进行一次核对，将不满意的地方提出整理与修改。

家装风格分类

1、欧式风格

欧式风格主要有法式、意大利、西班牙、北欧、英式、地中海等风格，这是随着历史文化潮流而形成的强烈、独特的风格，这指的的是欧洲每个国家所展现的强烈的传统文化内涵。

2、田园乡村风格

田园乡村风格是一种推崇自然的地方装饰风格。结合了自然将乡土风味形成了一种清新的空间形式，是慵懒放松的家居体现。材质上采用天然石、木、竹、藤等材质，布艺多采用花卉图案为主，整体色彩以乳白色、白色、粉色、天然木色等以淡暖色系为主，线条也比较简洁。

3、中式风格

中式风格以中国古典建筑为装饰的室内设计艺术风格，给人一种壮丽华贵、气势恢弘之感，装饰主要以木材为原料，多用对称手法。图案有龙、凤、龟、狮等吉兽。中式风格造价大多比较高，精雕细琢、瑰丽奇巧的风格深受成功人士的喜爱。

4、现代简约风格

现代简约风格造价相对低一些，同时家装风格顺应了当今快节奏的生活，简约而不简单的个性风。虽摆设较少，但对材质要求极高，每件家具摆放位置都经过深思熟虑，做到多功能的利用空间。

主体拆改

从这一步开始，装修就进入到施工阶段。主体拆改就是按照设计方案，先把工地的框架搭起来。主要包括拆墙、砌墙、铲墙皮、更换门窗等等。

装修流程

1、在进行主体拆改之前首选要做的就是准备好图纸，一定要按照图纸规划进行改造工程，没有图纸的话就等于是没有做好规划拆改工作，在这种情况下不适合进行拆改工程，因此拆改图纸是必不可少的一部分。

2、在主体拆改的过程中原材料的去留也是一个大问题，这在拆改前期就需要最好必须的准备，例如原来的腻子如果是防水的就可以不用铲除了，其他可以直接使用的材料也可以保留下来，这样可以有效回收利用并且可以节省开支。

3、在进行墙体拆改的时候要注意，应该严格按照图纸指示进行拆墙、砌墙工作。

4、铲地皮，有暖气的拆掉暖气，换塑钢窗。

5、在拆改结束后会留下大量垃圾，这时需要施工队员清理垃圾以便进行下一步操作。

注意事项

1、在主体拆改的过程中首先要注意的是，承重墙不可拆除，根据我国相关法律条文规定，拆改承重墙是不合法的，承重墙是作为承受上一层楼层重量的主体部分，盲目拆除的话，可能会给房屋带来濒临倒塌的危险。

2、在混凝土中的门框不要盲目拆除，如果强制拆除的话可能会导致墙体倒塌的情况出现。

3、阳台上有矮墙的话不要拆除，否则可能会导致塌陷，如果影响美观，可以另行设计安排。

4、在拆除的过程中应该要注意的是，线路应该提前关闭好，对于隐藏在墙体中的线路要多加留意，提前关闭电闸是非常有必要的，避免不小心触碰导致触电危险。

5、居室中有些地面都是有防水层的，若是将防水层破坏的话，很容易使楼下的住户变成“水帘洞”。因此，业主在装修地面的时候需要注意的是，不要将地面防水层破坏，若是不小心破坏了的话，切记一定要重新做防水工程，并且做完后要经过“48小时渗水实验”后，如果不漏水，才算合格。

6、还有燃气管道的拆改也是要慎重的，若是居民或装修人员私自拆改燃气管道、包封燃气阀门很容易造成燃气泄漏。因为，燃气管道被包封起来，气体泄漏将很难会被发现，并且气体一旦泄露的话很不容易扩散。并且在使用的时候，也没有专业的安全监测，一旦遇见明火的话必然会引起爆炸的情况发生。

水电气改造

水电改造是装修中重要的工程部分，很多生活中房子会出现的问题都是水电工程不达标留下的隐患。所以对于这部分的施工一定要慎之又慎，避免后期出现不必要的麻烦。另外在操作完成后，也要做好防水的相关工作，这样后期的隐患也会减轻不少。

可以根据设计师的水电施工图纸进行水电改造。

水电改造方法

1、把关在装修的时候业主要对自己家里的布局有个全局的想法，要弄清楚家里的家具大概放什么地方，哪里放什么电器，多大的都要考虑好，这样有规划的做水电改造是很关键的，要不然会浪费很多人力物力，在设计的时候装修公司会为你出很多方案。

2、买材料的时候要看是不是正规的厂家生产的合格产品，现在的水电品牌多如牛毛，业主在装修的时候不知道什么牌子，什么规格的比较好，最好是对这方面的知识有些了解，要不然让装修公司去买的话以次充好，那就得不偿失了。

3、在进场的时候要对装修材料进行核实，看看是不是质量合格的材料，要不然装修好了就不好核实了，还有就是要对工作人员核实，看看他们是否具有水电暖施工资质，确认后才能让他们施工。

4、水电改造施工好后，要对施工的每一处细节要仔细的验收，水路验收的时候看水改是不是用金属管卡固定的，距离不能过大，浴室的出水口是不是左热右冷，距离是否达标，接口是不是水平。水电路线不能在同一槽内，每个下水口都要进行通水试验。必须要进行打压试验，时间压力要标准。

水电改造要点

1、首先要确定洗澡是要站着洗还是躺着洗，用浴盆还是淋浴，尺寸要多大，卫生间能不能容得下这个尺寸，这些问题都是要影响水路的上下水设计和电路的插座位置的。

2、若是选择安装淋浴是安装淋浴房还是装浴帘，是否要安装底座，附近是否有地漏，出水口大概在什么位置。

3、淋浴的出水口常规设计是左热右冷，两管之间的间距要保持15cm。因为目前市面上售卖的支架式淋浴龙头比较多，这样的淋浴龙头对于出水口的间距及尺寸要求比较严格。首先要保证两个出水口的水平高度一致，还要保证两个出水口在同一水平面上。还要特别注意一点就是出水口不能设置在腰线的位置，高度也要根据家庭成员的平均身高来确定。

4、二手房厨卫改造可能还涉及到地漏的移动和增加个数的问题。移动地漏需要注意一定要抬高地面，若是要安装深水封地漏，那么地面至少上抬10cm以上，可以采用局部地面抬高或是整体地面抬高的方式。在更换地漏时要注意一点，普通地漏不能作为洗衣机地漏，会出现返水现象。

5、坐便器移位也是卫生间拆改会遇到的问题，但切记坐便器移动的距离不能超过10cm,否则坐便器会下水不畅，容易堵。若是一定要移动坐便器的位置，那么就要从楼下改管移动马桶下水。

6、浴霸用风暖的还是灯暖的涉及到电路改造，因为灯暖的浴霸一般是要连5根电线，而风暖的浴霸的电线数一般是3-8根，具体看你选择什么样的型号了。

厨房水电

厨房要预留净水机的电源、进水口、排污管道，电源一般留在进水口旁边。厨房要使用燃气热水器的，要预留燃气热水器的进、出水管，一般选择靠窗户的位置，离地1.5米高，旁边预留插座。

燃气表旁边预留插座，电子燃气表需要电源；厨房操作台上方要装一排插座，供电饭煲、小家电使用，一般预留3-5个插座，高度1.2米；冰箱要在离地面0.5米到1米之间设置插座，因为冰箱在使用中等30厘米的位置是释放热量的空间，所以安装时要避免这些位置。

阳台水电

阳台水电比较简单，阳台洗衣机预留冷水管，阳台洗手盆预留冷热水管。洗衣机电源预留高度在40公分。顶部预留智能晾衣架电源。

卫生间水电

卫生间改造的时候需要注意的比较多。

水路：洗脸盆的冷热水口2个、留热水器的进水口和出水口各1个、坐便器或蹲厕水箱接口1个、淋浴区地漏1个，如果洗衣机放卫生间，也要给洗衣机预留地漏1个。冷热水管也要保持一定的距离，否则会影响水管的保温效果，洗澡时需要等很久才有热水。一般水管铺设时，左热右冷，间距是15厘米。

水管管道走完后要进行试水打压试验，再做防水处理。地漏安装完后马上冲水，因为担心安装过程中有水泥掉在下水管道中，时间长了受潮凝固，导致下水道不通。在卫生间墙面安装其它卫浴产品五金等，切记安装前要查阅水路电路存档照片，避开墙上的水管和电路。

电路：就算安装的是普通马桶，也要在旁边预留插座，方便业主以后安装智能马桶。预留热水器的进、出水管及电源，燃气和电的随便选择，都预留好。浴室柜旁边预留插座、浴室柜上面1.8米高预留电源，镜前灯使用。注意：卫生间要使用4mm²的铜芯线。水管尽量走顶，这样既方便做防水也方便以后检修。

客厅卧室水电

客厅卧室主要是要处理电路，要留意这些：客厅灯卧室灯要改成双控；客厅预留灯带、筒灯的开关及电源，开关一般放在电视墙。 电视墙电源一般留4-5个，高度在35公分，预留弱电，电视墙预留50管，挂电视时隐藏电线。在沙发的左右两边预留电源，以备手机充电，高度在40公分左右。卧室床头柜的插座抬高到60公分，方便插拔。书桌下预留多排插座。一般客厅空调一组回路，卧室空调每2台一组回路。如果业主家安装了新风或电热地暖，也要为它们准备专用回路。

室内整体装修

室内整体装修包括木工、泥瓦工、油漆工的装修。

木工作为一道繁杂的工序，也可当作是主体修改的关键环节来对待，与水电路的改良并不冲突，有时可能还需要一些配合。木工是为业主完成房屋装修过程中的各项木质工程的工种，其人工费用占到整个家装工程人工费用的40-60%不等。目前市场上比较常规的木工定制产品有：成品套装门、定制衣柜、定制书柜、定制橱柜、定制移门等。

泥瓦工序就是大家关心的贴瓷砖这一步骤，以及墙面、地面的基层处理和各区域防水工程。这项面子工程是否有好的施工质量不但直接影响到整体装修的外观是否整洁美观，而且防水质量直接关系到业主入住后的居住质量。

油漆工程一般是硬装即将结束的标志了，包含墙体表面处理、批腻子、砂纸打磨、刷底涂、刷涂料等步骤。油漆工程是面子工程，如果油漆工艺做的不好的话，就会留下入住后的困扰，如墙面开裂、掉漆等。所以一定要去注意施工工艺以及工艺原则，不遵守这些步骤的话就会影响家装质量了。

具体步骤

水电工完成之后，一般是先做木工，对其家里的石膏板等吊顶，电视背景墙以及家里需要打柜子的制作。

客厅装修

装修客厅一般是先进行吊顶。

安装客厅天花板之前，必须绘制天花板的尺寸，然后设置好天花板上的位置，用冲击钻钻洞，最后用固定的膨胀螺丝的大龙骨（木质骨架称为龙骨）。然后，将地板上的骨架固定到天花板上，使用方形条作为固定柱，水平和水平固定骨架，并根据图纸的大小切割多余的骨架，下一步是固定石膏板。建议使用十字架将石膏板固定在天花板上并用螺丝固定。有必要去除剩余的石膏板。这个屋顶差不多完了。

住宅客厅吊顶的石膏板固定后，可以进行装饰。例如，在干墙的凹槽中施加纱布以避免收缩和开裂。将装饰线固定在天花板的边缘，最后放上腻子粉或其他装饰材料。漂亮的天花板就做好了。

我们装修餐厅的时候也可以选择同样的吊顶花纹，装修家具可以选择长方形餐桌，这样搭配起来比较协调。

客厅这一块装修还需要考虑到玄关的装修，装修玄关一般要考虑实用性，可以打造定制家具作为衣柜、鞋柜、雨伞等杂物的收纳。如南北通透类长方形小户型客厅，玄关设计要简洁；如客厅结构是长条形，可在餐厅门口设置半通透玄关，以便区分用餐空间，还可增设暖暗光源，装饰艺术长廊效果；如客厅较宽，还可有落地窗设计等。

简单收纳玄关

半通透玄关

落地窗玄关

电视背景墙

制作电视背景墙需要选择合适的材质，不同的材质所营造的效果不同，然后根据既定的材质，考虑背景墙是侧重实用还是侧重装饰。

可以采用大理石雕刻出的角线做造型，然后中间贴瓷砖用瓷砖贴出造型花样。这种造型一般都是与客厅的地砖造型相呼应的。客厅使用大理石来装饰能瞬间提前档次和品质，而且时尚的质感能体现出来，大理石面的不规则花纹，原生态的自然效果也是让人喜欢的另一面。

还有一种做法就是用文化石做背景墙，人造文化石一般具有环保节能，质量轻的优点。其古朴，极具造型感，被年轻人所青睐。由于是用作电视墙，瓷砖尽量选用柔光砖，表面光反射没有亮光砖强烈，看电视时开灯也不会有光反射。铺贴方式也同普通砖一样简单，价格也是地砖价格经济实惠。

定制家具

如果室内面积比较小，可以考虑选择定制家具。

目前，市场上已经出现一大批的定制家具企业。这些企业在大规模生产的基础上，将每位消费者视为一个单独的细分市场，满足单个消费者的个性需求。目前，多采用定制形式的家具主要有整体衣柜、整体书柜、整体橱柜、步入式衣帽间、入墙衣柜等。

定制家具的流程

1、一般情况下设计师会跟业主提前沟通一下，了解一下业主的想法以及生活方式。

2、带业主参观样品展厅，考察产品工艺和生产制作流程，交流家居配置风格需求，根据会谈详细记录分析，与业主约定初步配套方案面谈时间。

3、完成上面两步之后要做的是上门初步测量工作，确定好家居的尺寸以及摆放的位置，之后要做的就是进行多全方位的准确测量工作，精准测算出家居的尺寸以及占地面积和摆放布局等情况。

4、设计师会根据现场测量的实际结果绘制出基本的家具设计图，然后跟业主沟通之后就可以初步确定设计方案了。

5、面谈进行方案磋商，并进行调整终达到业主满意。

6、在家具的生产制作过程中应该随时与业主保持沟通，所采用的材料以及颜色要及时告知业主，有异议的话应该及时沟通调整。

客厅定制家具：可以根据需求定制电视柜和储物柜。

卧室定制家具：定制衣柜、床头柜

房间的整体定制：定制飘窗、榻榻米、书柜。

阳台定制家具：洗衣柜、储物柜。

厨房定制家具橱柜。

贴瓷砖

在我们木工完成之后，就可以进泥瓦工了，泥瓦工主要包含的就是大理石窗台，过门石，地漏以及瓷砖等安装。

贴瓷砖需要先准备好工具：瓷砖、拉线、水、混浆、泥砂。

1、对铺贴的墙体表面进行处理，清除表面污物。并洒水湿润，然后用水泥砂浆混合找平。

2、将墙砖完全置于清水中，一般三十分钟就可以了，随后取出，晾干水渍待用。

3、根据设计铺贴图样的要求，确定排砖方案。在干爽的找平层上拉上标线，让瓷砖在一个垂直面上。

4、铺贴釉面墙砖选择水泥型号425，砂子以中砂为好。水泥和砂子按1:3的比例加水搅拌成糊状备用。

5、在墙面上喷足够的水，在砖背面均匀抹上水泥砂浆。砂浆厚度以5mm-6mm为宜，用木锤轻轻拍牢，并随时用水平尺找平。

6、在瓷砖铺贴完成后，使用专用的瓷砖勾缝剂进行勾缝就可以了。

刷墙面漆

油漆工进场，主要是对墙面的一些基层处理及乳胶漆的涂刷等，还有就是一些需要上油漆的家具进行上漆。那大家要注意的是，墙面如果要贴壁纸的话，一定要叫油漆工在墙面上做基层处理。

墙面刷漆都要针对墙面做基层处理，让墙面尽量保持平整。然后再均匀的刮一遍腻子，在腻子干透后，用粗砂纸进行抛光。最后就可以抹涂料了，可以抹两层涂料，尽量均匀不得漏涂！

到这一步油漆工完成之后，整个装修的硬装基本上就完成了。以上都是一些装修的施工环节，而施工环节之后，我们还要进行一些安装环节。

厨卫吊顶

厨卫吊顶是所有安装环节的第一个环节。在我们安装橱柜的时候，我们一定要将其防潮吸顶灯、排风扇（浴霸）应该已经买好了。这样可以一起安装完成。

如厨房为长方形结构，我们可以把厨房按照使用功能划分布局，如洗菜区、烹饪区、储藏区分开等。

橱柜安装

厨卫间的吊顶结束后，我们就可以约橱柜的商家上门安装橱柜了。一般安装橱柜最快就一天时间就完成了。

在我们安装橱柜的时候，我们也可以将已买的水槽，灶台等送货上门安装了，然后一起进行安装。燃气一定要提前开通好，因为安装完之后要进行试气的。

木门安装

橱柜安装完之后，下一步就要进行室内门安装了，注意一点的是，室内门要是定制的话，那一定要提前一个月定制，一般安装时间就一天时间。

开关插座灯具

壁纸贴完之后，我们就要进行开关，插座以及灯具的安装，那在此之前，我们一定要根据水电工给到的开关，插座、灯具数量进行提前购买好。

五金安装

五金安装部分，这里主要指的是一些水龙头，卫浴挂件以及洁具、阳台的晾衣架等等安装。在这里提醒大家，五金一定要购买好的，不然后期很容易坏掉，一旦坏了，后期更换非常的麻烦然而我们安装完上下水管件。水龙头，角阀等一定要进行开关测试，看看是否有漏水的问题。

开荒保洁

装修到上一步就全部完成了，接下来我们就要对其全屋彻底的清洁打扫了。

窗帘安装

此时就可以将其家里准备好的窗帘进行拿出来安装了！

家具、家电进场

完成基础装修后就开始安装家具家电了，可以把购买的沙发、床铺、冰箱、电视机等家具家电安装摆放在合适的地方。

装修注意事项

1、我们在装饰地板时往往注意瓷砖和地板是否美观，而忽略了踢脚线。踢脚线不仅起到保护墙面的作用，还能有画龙点睛的效果。所以我们可以选择些美观精致的踢脚线。

2、瓷砖铺好后，为了防止瓷砖间的缝隙弄脏，我们可以做填缝处理。这里小编建议尽量采用填缝剂或美缝剂来填缝，不少业主为了省钱，会使用白水泥来填缝，白水泥粉的防水性能会较差些，粘贴牢度和硬度也会较差。

3、防水工程是重中之重的，大家在这方面要更加注意些，不过也别因小失大，忽略了地漏的排水一定要低于地面这样的地漏规则，在装修时提醒下泥水师傅就好。

4、必须考虑材料选择，卧室应选择吸声、隔音良好的装饰材料，是一个非常重要的因素。柔软美观的布贴纸、保温、吸声功能地毯是卧室的理想选择。大理石、花岗岩、地砖等冷硬材料不适合卧室使用。

5、卧室的主要功能是供人们休息和睡觉，功能非常重要。因此，卧室的设计必须围绕营造一个安静的休息空间，其中床是当之无愧的主角。首先要注意床的舒适性，然后包括装饰风格、布局、色彩和装饰。卧室的照明以暖黄色为基调。

6、不可忽视的饰品装饰，巧妙地在房间里装饰一些小饰品也是一个很好的方法。它不仅可以增加房间的氛围，还可以改善整个空间的气质。

装修案例

这个装修一看就觉得十分简单明亮，灰白色的哑光地板的搭配白色墙面，整个房间的色调简单、干净。我们可以看到他的沙发没有使用大型转角沙发的设计，而是小型布艺沙发搭配小茶几，侧边增加软座椅的风格。这样的家居搭配更加节省空间，让室内显得大方、宽广。落地灯和吊灯的小设计加上地毯的平面几何图案明显提高了房间的格调。

这一户虽然客厅的面积比较上一家有所减少，但是我们丝毫不会感到拥挤。因为他们将茶几去掉，改为高低小圆桌，空间上更有层次感却不占地方。对于小户型小家庭来说，一个长沙发足以容纳3-4人，若是家里来了客人就用懒人座椅招待，惬意得很。小户型想要“扁平化”，装饰上就要尽量选择素色、浅色的装修，选择相近颜色也不会让人感觉乱。

这家人明显在装饰上下了功夫，他们的家具选择都是四四方方的简单设计却十分考究，没有一丝多余占用的空间。而墙壁和隔断的装修分别采用了立体石砖纹路、木纹和镜面拼接的元素，时尚又富有艺术气息，适合追求高端大气的都市白领进行参考。中规中矩的家具搭配深色墙壁装修，虽然看起来色调偏暗但是完全不觉得狭窄。

最后一家的装明显相比前几家的设计感就少了很多，更适合年龄稍微大一些的人参考。一眼看上去感觉好像有一种邻家的亲切感，灰色大转角沙发和黑色亮面电视柜、黑色小茶几的搭配朴素不花哨。地板和墙壁中规中矩，墙壁没有选择“大白墙”，而是是用来墙纸和但换色的瓷砖电视背景墙，让整个家里温馨了不少。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"长宽比例超过黄金比例0.618就是房型扁平，这样的房型看起来狭长，房间不方正，说通俗点就是长方形户型，设计在长方形户型中是尤为重要的，我们可以靠着设计把家里装扮美美的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8qBB1AVDw9knLbXHjGnw8o"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTsLXVZ7MiCSO4Kdv47AiRe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"采光","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYsLxicDFrlB46xN4FvdyWh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":641,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"采光","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d13dbaa9ee5d4499b1d87094ca76f261","width":1088},"text":"","id":"doxcn5JRQDO8JQpzdgtTuqXznsS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"细长户型的问题其中一个就是采光不好，室内不会特别通透。而一旦光线照不进室内，就容易出现室内阴暗、压抑的情况。如非长方形南北通透户型，也可将厨房门透明，增加采光。我们还可以在装修时多留出几扇窗户，让光线可以尽可能多的照进屋里。除了多开窗户，每个窗户的面积最好也大一些，或者在屋内设计时多加一些辅助照明也是可以的。家里尽量简洁开放一些，留白面积大就会让整个空间更加宽阔透亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4QzmhZDOd3iOqL0D8W6MXe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBgC71JDuPl4kIouaimSg4j"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":421,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9f3c47c8f58f45b8860e26011ffb77ff","width":731},"text":"","id":"doxcnyd84Mfgalp02amDQZ1w3Md"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长方形的房子客厅会是狭长的，对这样的空间可以做隔断处理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVef5QLpivR08vVOSDYX5Oe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以通过给细长的户型做隔断，把整个空间分隔成几个小空间，做不同的分区使用。但是做隔断的时候最好不要使用墙体隔断，这样会让本来就不大、就奇怪的户型看起来更小，墙体隔断很占空间，又有不通风的毛病。所以隔断最好选择玻璃门、木格栅、置物架、吧台之类的物品，既可以做整体隔断，也可以做半隔断。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrKhwuPk44h2DlvzUOmm8ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可使用窗帘、珠帘等软隔断来起到分隔作用，这样可以多出一些可用空间来。切记不要使用硬隔断，不仅会增加空间的厚重感，还会感到不方便。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwl6h6pFlGlInwBeRN8Wjld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断是其中一种划分客厅空间的方式，实际上还有其他方式，长方形户型一大特点通常为长方形客厅，有些面积大的客厅可以区隔成工作台或是小餐厅，甚至是书房等，通常在沙发后摆放长桌等可办公可就餐；还有如卧室不够可隔断卧室，儿童区等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFhpq1OLpZOA48emA1zajhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大户型客厅改造成餐厅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6hUHGX64OdghzsuLJJgajd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":585,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f40ba36d0b28490ab198ea7c7f426460","width":956},"text":"","id":"doxcnSe5UHhMH7eKrwJqxbVLvBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大户型客厅改造成书房","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLVTdyaYcMwEk4XXtckxqPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3f49eb332974228929d40232b0d6dca","width":782},"text":"","id":"doxcnGWJPFhqXjbJQoTKraxxQch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大户型客厅改造成儿童区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Pl1oFp4hj81pBdc1DhP07"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":723,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/281c85c47d45483fb0f7de3e5885e1a4","width":968},"text":"","id":"doxcnuROPKXN2AfY6KW4Dc1PCTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"玻璃门隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlXjFI7m4HH2uyUrza4FE1f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/476c2052f80441ce99e62d720d147e22","width":847},"text":"","id":"doxcnH366aOuJKYtFONNUPWrpbU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木格栅隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7Op2EiCAF078URc2MYtae"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":506,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9549787f38b14b928de7110ae69eb0fc","width":729},"text":"","id":"doxcntPcsj8N3VyeuMb0BeO3o2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"置物架隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscM6Fk1I6LI5F6zGu3YCZd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":607,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34537fe77e1c408a8da5e7ac163ed551","width":743},"text":"","id":"doxcnTznd6gbud801VxA8a1RhZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吧台隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIQnzhtUcPAnP51pllPm2Ng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":538,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3e61ad6923284a12a2635c69e09a667d","width":943},"text":"","id":"doxcn01T5vfATIvzMjVhGoylzRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"窗帘隔断","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCZO8MmSGdLUOMpxY1h3z1b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"隔断","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d38eb6568cae4c5b91a3e90c82e3d5e2","width":785},"text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洗脸盆外，还可以放一些塑料盆桶之类的物品。洗脸池台面下做成可拆卸式的搁架，平时可放喷桶一类的物品，也可存放洗衣粉，多余的牙膏，牙刷，肥皂，卫生纸，洗涤剂等。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2HmQ62iLBWXx4gdPGku5uh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0711bf0f25eb49079573779a819429a1","width":492},"text":"","id":"doxcnWBYrOjFZzNhFJeq9axMQYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、客厅装修的时候可以采用圆角沙发，电视采用挂墙的，这样可以节省一些空间，而且在小角落可以放置一些清新的盆栽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSH5pbGzVu7CjhfyvVxWAbd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":389,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/76d445bb57b24e278df645e28434b46b","width":682},"text":"","id":"doxcneBBJrPDQyvzd6Ak8p3IbUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、储藏室可以发挥其作用，趁装修之便，在其内部做柜子，分层分格，尺寸按照所需放置物品的规格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntYXORjvIhWa5k66wrwkNHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":393,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dbd34f91477c44b8b12f47e3c1174459","width":674},"text":"","id":"doxcnVNrjUQ7HJaPjxrVcoIpvFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、厨房中“锅碗瓢盆交响曲”，热闹有加，烦恼不少。可以适当的装修置物架，把东西归置清楚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQPXWMkDsFNcEX8AVylod0b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":496,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d470a4af9f94e2784dfcffca43c05e8","width":604},"text":"","id":"doxcnJlQaNUumm3ZZZyUi6fXrTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、卧室中的主要储存空间就是衣橱了，衣橱中的衣物可分为床上用品和个人衣装两大类。扁平型卧室应沿用一些简约的色彩和收纳方法，留出较大的卧室空间，避免拥挤的感觉，便于营造安谧的气氛。衣柜可以采用嵌入墙体设计，可以避免整面墙的拥堵感，令视觉效果更为丰富。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7w2i62eOSrvttYYKBZs5Nh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":524,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装饰","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e889546d867e4124aa9ef38c7fabb3e9","width":806},"text":"","id":"doxcnzU27NXFAyVXaDgUdzwCTid"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu5MFI671X3szudqa5xLqvf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"房屋设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHjM6uxE4L6xh6bDQPunISg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修房子需要从设计开始。作为扁平户型，房屋设计要从扁平的角度出发，主体强调光线、家装设计、吊顶、底层防水地暖、储物空间讲究如何改善扁平化房型导致的空间压抑、提高空间利用率，并将自身的想法、意见和业主沟通清楚，这样才能拥有一个良好的设计方案，我们也可以提前选好设计风格，让设计进行设计。另外在设计图出来后，也需进行一次核对，将不满意的地方提出整理与修改。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSJkXTLqY7IKxIoUp7DAUxg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqKPBAX0dnpqcBXti8QPiJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、欧式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoWMY45jiDOvMh9yINWk3vb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"欧式风格主要有法式、意大利、西班牙、北欧、英式、地中海等风格，这是随着历史文化潮流而形成的强烈、独特的风格，这指的的是欧洲每个国家所展现的强烈的传统文化内涵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1eOFycezdWj147JRRsJXbh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":455,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f17ba3b4c297450db558af9d8dda6432","width":766},"text":"","id":"doxcnwl3qCLnb3bjLHx2QaM8ddg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、田园乡村风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnffBt23D4xVinwC3Lr6tJhk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田园乡村风格是一种推崇自然的地方装饰风格。结合了自然将乡土风味形成了一种清新的空间形式，是慵懒放松的家居体现。材质上采用天然石、木、竹、藤等材质，布艺多采用花卉图案为主，整体色彩以乳白色、白色、粉色、天然木色等以淡暖色系为主，线条也比较简洁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2bcfVYx5fx6zNhN0umbDtc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":463,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/902c2adc86bb43ff885c34a7f404ed71","width":791},"text":"","id":"doxcnpeSoUU6YFeoGdbmzWLJwgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、中式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndXGHbg1ApQYwy7v3M3JMNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式风格以中国古典建筑为装饰的室内设计艺术风格，给人一种壮丽华贵、气势恢弘之感，装饰主要以木材为原料，多用对称手法。图案有龙、凤、龟、狮等吉兽。中式风格造价大多比较高，精雕细琢、瑰丽奇巧的风格深受成功人士的喜爱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQeYSwHinkxekseIs3ggTJr"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f7de0cd04b1c4040a58a695c607cc111","width":793},"text":"","id":"doxcnB4K551wlPs6ACcIgyAh7ZY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、现代简约风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuqCCnV6wRasgcbOvQHMJLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代简约风格造价相对低一些，同时家装风格顺应了当今快节奏的生活，简约而不简单的个性风。虽摆设较少，但对材质要求极高，每件家具摆放位置都经过深思熟虑，做到多功能的利用空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXcy5Dh9eK8cOmxkTUw3bFg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":559,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装风格分类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4fe614f8797f40879e16dbcd3030b2e9","width":1043},"text":"","id":"doxcnXZ54LJkQ28T8wW7o7MO2Vc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主体拆改","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbOMuqfnVK7RGQ90aXwWkAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从这一步开始，装修就进入到施工阶段。主体拆改就是按照设计方案，先把工地的框架搭起来。主要包括拆墙、砌墙、铲墙皮、更换门窗等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLLyfwj2M9uQDtSskjFJk0U"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzELRULJQaEI6HWjsemls5V"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在进行主体拆改之前首选要做的就是准备好图纸，一定要按照图纸规划进行改造工程，没有图纸的话就等于是没有做好规划拆改工作，在这种情况下不适合进行拆改工程，因此拆改图纸是必不可少的一部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMh8lrglBHgczGuzo9pRGDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在主体拆改的过程中原材料的去留也是一个大问题，这在拆改前期就需要最好必须的准备，例如原来的腻子如果是防水的就可以不用铲除了，其他可以直接使用的材料也可以保留下来，这样可以有效回收利用并且可以节省开支。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBRDSqgqaWbOHSUn05xFLmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、在进行墙体拆改的时候要注意，应该严格按照图纸指示进行拆墙、砌墙工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqDAT4solhIoBSX2Lk181uc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、铲地皮，有暖气的拆掉暖气，换塑钢窗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAEYjYoFLHZZzaYbNxdgVnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、在拆改结束后会留下大量垃圾，这时需要施工队员清理垃圾以便进行下一步操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZKggnMwCSGLNdhVTOl1vrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncldXwSIGlLsjl2cWcqj2Ub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在主体拆改的过程中首先要注意的是，承重墙不可拆除，根据我国相关法律条文规定，拆改承重墙是不合法的，承重墙是作为承受上一层楼层重量的主体部分，盲目拆除的话，可能会给房屋带来濒临倒塌的危险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCG3hRdjaz533uIHfYCBa0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在混凝土中的门框不要盲目拆除，如果强制拆除的话可能会导致墙体倒塌的情况出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwaXjyaPD1ds0pjxIOgio3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、阳台上有矮墙的话不要拆除，否则可能会导致塌陷，如果影响美观，可以另行设计安排。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn12AlgaVDZkiAjciLVaGn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在拆除的过程中应该要注意的是，线路应该提前关闭好，对于隐藏在墙体中的线路要多加留意，提前关闭电闸是非常有必要的，避免不小心触碰导致触电危险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2s8C13f2mp8igLDAJ8mzVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、居室中有些地面都是有防水层的，若是将防水层破坏的话，很容易使楼下的住户变成“水帘洞”。因此，业主在装修地面的时候需要注意的是，不要将地面防水层破坏，若是不小心破坏了的话，切记一定要重新做防水工程，并且做完后要经过“48小时渗水实验”后，如果不漏水，才算合格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3podbTNcCTAZ9xaHwlqwog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、还有燃气管道的拆改也是要慎重的，若是居民或装修人员私自拆改燃气管道、包封燃气阀门很容易造成燃气泄漏。因为，燃气管道被包封起来，气体泄漏将很难会被发现，并且气体一旦泄露的话很不容易扩散。并且在使用的时候，也没有专业的安全监测，一旦遇见明火的话必然会引起爆炸的情况发生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO1Ip6x4diUpa0JtBD3U26b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电气改造","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2KhRYNyrjHQpRvDHNtAYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电改造是装修中重要的工程部分，很多生活中房子会出现的问题都是水电工程不达标留下的隐患。所以对于这部分的施工一定要慎之又慎，避免后期出现不必要的麻烦。另外在操作完成后，也要做好防水的相关工作，这样后期的隐患也会减轻不少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRuV154ZcGLWR3efM9TZ0oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以根据设计师的水电施工图纸进行水电改造。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYaXmpPT1rwP0mYnW9Aoxge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电改造方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAPWjKO0kHPiMsibiWcjX8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、把关在装修的时候业主要对自己家里的布局有个全局的想法，要弄清楚家里的家具大概放什么地方，哪里放什么电器，多大的都要考虑好，这样有规划的做水电改造是很关键的，要不然会浪费很多人力物力，在设计的时候装修公司会为你出很多方案。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqnyHjSOdE0X8adBkABMOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、买材料的时候要看是不是正规的厂家生产的合格产品，现在的水电品牌多如牛毛，业主在装修的时候不知道什么牌子，什么规格的比较好，最好是对这方面的知识有些了解，要不然让装修公司去买的话以次充好，那就得不偿失了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn25ewo8pSQNqRAW6rhIjZme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、在进场的时候要对装修材料进行核实，看看是不是质量合格的材料，要不然装修好了就不好核实了，还有就是要对工作人员核实，看看他们是否具有水电暖施工资质，确认后才能让他们施工。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVMA53uo1nCuA1swLkWq2rg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、水电改造施工好后，要对施工的每一处细节要仔细的验收，水路验收的时候看水改是不是用金属管卡固定的，距离不能过大，浴室的出水口是不是左热右冷，距离是否达标，接口是不是水平。水电路线不能在同一槽内，每个下水口都要进行通水试验。必须要进行打压试验，时间压力要标准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfqEiqoSLaxL0RqxbUW6ggd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电改造要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHMJR9igMLOqltGUlVeGYLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先要确定洗澡是要站着洗还是躺着洗，用浴盆还是淋浴，尺寸要多大，卫生间能不能容得下这个尺寸，这些问题都是要影响水路的上下水设计和电路的插座位置的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRw3GiYIGRaWiy8uXbQXzKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、若是选择安装淋浴是安装淋浴房还是装浴帘，是否要安装底座，附近是否有地漏，出水口大概在什么位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbUZRr7GzE9BeU8tJS0arsP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、淋浴的出水口常规设计是左热右冷，两管之间的间距要保持15cm。因为目前市面上售卖的支架式淋浴龙头比较多，这样的淋浴龙头对于出水口的间距及尺寸要求比较严格。首先要保证两个出水口的水平高度一致，还要保证两个出水口在同一水平面上。还要特别注意一点就是出水口不能设置在腰线的位置，高度也要根据家庭成员的平均身高来确定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIAFQn0JDOmAeCtWXegPje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、二手房厨卫改造可能还涉及到地漏的移动和增加个数的问题。移动地漏需要注意一定要抬高地面，若是要安装深水封地漏，那么地面至少上抬10cm以上，可以采用局部地面抬高或是整体地面抬高的方式。在更换地漏时要注意一点，普通地漏不能作为洗衣机地漏，会出现返水现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnI6oq3TGx3IZOafsj4Nz6F"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、坐便器移位也是卫生间拆改会遇到的问题，但切记坐便器移动的距离不能超过10cm,否则坐便器会下水不畅，容易堵。若是一定要移动坐便器的位置，那么就要从楼下改管移动马桶下水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRmdteHvDK8HtLQPzquTCwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、浴霸用风暖的还是灯暖的涉及到电路改造，因为灯暖的浴霸一般是要连5根电线，而风暖的浴霸的电线数一般是3-8根，具体看你选择什么样的型号了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbllKVkhFbHzQzGhFZhcZyh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房水电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndyHvNVwp6SIoDZAN5i0hKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房要预留净水机的电源、进水口、排污管道，电源一般留在进水口旁边。厨房要使用燃气热水器的，要预留燃气热水器的进、出水管，一般选择靠窗户的位置，离地1.5米高，旁边预留插座。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZNFj4suPjmN6m13NpbhTPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"燃气表旁边预留插座，电子燃气表需要电源；厨房操作台上方要装一排插座，供电饭煲、小家电使用，一般预留3-5个插座，高度1.2米；冰箱要在离地面0.5米到1米之间设置插座，因为冰箱在使用中等30厘米的位置是释放热量的空间，所以安装时要避免这些位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ8zpU1iu4MKAklwcPqpFJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台水电 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVrRLtC0NWU3WoQiU7io0Fd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台水电比较简单，阳台洗衣机预留冷水管，阳台洗手盆预留冷热水管。洗衣机电源预留高度在40公分。顶部预留智能晾衣架电源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJmLAYXKwaakSyBC6fPsxCh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间水电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSl5yQq8MFceiHSzQRVSkvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间改造的时候需要注意的比较多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMDyp2cbiIBZOnkMWcsCizh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"水路：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"洗脸盆的冷热水口2个、留热水器的进水口和出水口各1个、坐便器或蹲厕水箱接口1个、淋浴区地漏1个，如果洗衣机放卫生间，也要给洗衣机预留地漏1个。冷热水管也要保持一定的距离，否则会影响水管的保温效果，洗澡时需要等很久才有热水。一般水管铺设时，左热右冷，间距是15厘米。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7gH37vyLH1UxnTJOIx0Dqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水管管道走完后要进行试水打压试验，再做防水处理。地漏安装完后马上冲水，因为担心安装过程中有水泥掉在下水管道中，时间长了受潮凝固，导致下水道不通。在卫生间墙面安装其它卫浴产品五金等，切记安装前要查阅水路电路存档照片，避开墙上的水管和电路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIVVQLIRj6rjh4WuIVExCAM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"电路：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就算安装的是普通马桶，也要在旁边预留插座，方便业主以后安装智能马桶。预留热水器的进、出水管及电源，燃气和电的随便选择，都预留好。浴室柜旁边预留插座、浴室柜上面1.8米高预留电源，镜前灯使用。注意：卫生间要使用4mm²的铜芯线。水管尽量走顶，这样既方便做防水也方便以后检修。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCjwGUA6jniUJrd8hCLTcGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅卧室水电 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3ngpdRdJXfHqcaugBVWgrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅卧室主要是要处理电路，要留意这些：客厅灯卧室灯要改成双控；客厅预留灯带、筒灯的开关及电源，开关一般放在电视墙。 电视墙电源一般留4-5个，高度在35公分，预留弱电，电视墙预留50管，挂电视时隐藏电线。在沙发的左右两边预留电源，以备手机充电，高度在40公分左右。卧室床头柜的插座抬高到60公分，方便插拔。书桌下预留多排插座。一般客厅空调一组回路，卧室空调每2台一组回路。如果业主家安装了新风或电热地暖，也要为它们准备专用回路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0japKKQAnlhYfroKdNpUje"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":589,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅卧室水电 ","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30f5906d58e64533b3b65accf18888f8","width":939},"text":"","id":"doxcnROeLvy1vcwm5BNUm34Iwkc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内整体装修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhBOYSVMBh4gQdsu8TDhznh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内整体装修包括木工、泥瓦工、油漆工的装修。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbLfW8aANGC0pCf4w2wXrqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木工作为一道繁杂的工序，也可当作是主体修改的关键环节来对待，与水电路的改良并不冲突，有时可能还需要一些配合。木工是为业主完成房屋装修过程中的各项木质工程的工种，其人工费用占到整个家装工程人工费用的40-60%不等。目前市场上比较常规的木工定制产品有：成品套装门、定制衣柜、定制书柜、定制橱柜、定制移门等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntDzvooOGckwE7FqkYprpPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"泥瓦工序就是大家关心的贴瓷砖这一步骤，以及墙面、地面的基层处理和各区域防水工程。这项面子工程是否有好的施工质量不但直接影响到整体装修的外观是否整洁美观，而且防水质量直接关系到业主入住后的居住质量。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6RByJuvkkGGBxeTXVEW4jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"油漆工程一般是硬装即将结束的标志了，包含墙体表面处理、批腻子、砂纸打磨、刷底涂、刷涂料等步骤。油漆工程是面子工程，如果油漆工艺做的不好的话，就会留下入住后的困扰，如墙面开裂、掉漆等。所以一定要去注意施工工艺以及工艺原则，不遵守这些步骤的话就会影响家装质量了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNhaKe17MW4OwoaMkATdwjc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQaMPRWJiqbmmfmPD1tUmce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水电工完成之后，一般是先做木工，对其家里的石膏板等吊顶，电视背景墙以及家里需要打柜子的制作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneSY29ZMjSPpTSduF7qgDRb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅装修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn30yCFjXgCfy3GMAqP1Qw4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修客厅一般是先进行吊顶。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ZsR05powRA64SHghkq67g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"安装客厅天花板之前，必须绘制天花板的尺寸，然后设置好天花板上的位置，用冲击钻钻洞，最后用固定的膨胀螺丝的大龙骨（木质骨架称为龙骨）。然后，将地板上的骨架固定到天花板上，使用方形条作为固定柱，水平和水平固定骨架，并根据图纸的大小切割多余的骨架，下一步是固定石膏板。建议使用十字架将石膏板固定在天花板上并用螺丝固定。有必要去除剩余的石膏板。这个屋顶差不多完了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjXW7HKsIU02qKU1zAtCBUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"住宅客厅吊顶的石膏板固定后，可以进行装饰。例如，在干墙的凹槽中施加纱布以避免收缩和开裂。将装饰线固定在天花板的边缘，最后放上腻子粉或其他装饰材料。漂亮的天花板就做好了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQHcGSVPtE7S0W2agVC5T2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们装修餐厅的时候也可以选择同样的吊顶花纹，装修家具可以选择长方形餐桌，这样搭配起来比较协调。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZYyGO0v8HIUERBduJkAlJe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":439,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅装修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1a31fe3d9dba4c8392b44bcb5c911bfb","width":905},"text":"","id":"doxcnbTFnHaGdPx4x9SdV81gdQ1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅这一块装修还需要考虑到玄关的装修，装修玄关一般要考虑实用性，可以打造定制家具作为衣柜、鞋柜、雨伞等杂物的收纳。如南北通透类长方形小户型客厅，玄关设计要简洁；如客厅结构是长条形，可在餐厅门口设置半通透玄关，以便区分用餐空间，还可增设暖暗光源，装饰艺术长廊效果；如客厅较宽，还可有落地窗设计等。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBaAJiDIKSB4BmvVoGbVqOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单收纳玄关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsd6QlyTrBeRLPvUcjERtqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":662,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅装修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1f7679c899e4417794cfef96a767bdc0","width":980},"text":"","id":"doxcnzrgWOwFk6PiFQgDHpyQosb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半通透玄关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWaptQm9c9XpierwnyY5wjB"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":659,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅装修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d1c57f8d1f7496f8e2b32874ee1360e","width":1160},"text":"","id":"doxcn8ldCyYQiu7F9LzDoWiTpGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落地窗玄关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUGK3M85rIIVhom1F2xi39b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":525,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅装修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7114fee5860b4d27af8291d464794af9","width":775},"text":"","id":"doxcnJnNCleQXHESvTbjEXeJ4Fe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电视背景墙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyAMy9v16SRbUHycvTGOXdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"制作电视背景墙需要选择合适的材质，不同的材质所营造的效果不同，然后根据既定的材质，考虑背景墙是侧重实用还是侧重装饰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfYLErUyUxHHwq6WnUy2MAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以采用大理石雕刻出的角线做造型，然后中间贴瓷砖用瓷砖贴出造型花样。这种造型一般都是与客厅的地砖造型相呼应的。客厅使用大理石来装饰能瞬间提前档次和品质，而且时尚的质感能体现出来，大理石面的不规则花纹，原生态的自然效果也是让人喜欢的另一面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntvP2l7lxOYFV3MPWfn89Xd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电视背景墙","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc6e2fa00c164cdc9038d9a704fb0df2","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnDoPCNGFch94AsUT3SMccxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有一种做法就是用文化石做背景墙，人造文化石一般具有环保节能，质量轻的优点。其古朴，极具造型感，被年轻人所青睐。由于是用作电视墙，瓷砖尽量选用柔光砖，表面光反射没有亮光砖强烈，看电视时开灯也不会有光反射。铺贴方式也同普通砖一样简单，价格也是地砖价格经济实惠。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngcto2cheY8GvGt6vAujAYe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电视背景墙","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ea148adb802140259031b9afb3e27892","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnvZIoXusx0bqA5vFR1uhkde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDNP303lG3kjBLAMCqw82Le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果室内面积比较小，可以考虑选择定制家具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnox4ziqwt6JxcWbeoz6JiHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，市场上已经出现一大批的定制家具企业。这些企业在大规模生产的基础上，将每位消费者视为一个单独的细分市场，满足单个消费者的个性需求。目前，多采用定制形式的家具主要有整体衣柜、整体书柜、整体橱柜、步入式衣帽间、入墙衣柜等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOYoPVz30kaJDMh5HaPK1dc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具的流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne4xj3cMBZ7oidMJxQIdH3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一般情况下设计师会跟业主提前沟通一下，了解一下业主的想法以及生活方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnajSd6AJv0iAy8pfYA4ZrUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、带业主参观样品展厅，考察产品工艺和生产制作流程，交流家居配置风格需求，根据会谈详细记录分析，与业主约定初步配套方案面谈时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBPhCcED42sNV2E3hylMDXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、完成上面两步之后要做的是上门初步测量工作，确定好家居的尺寸以及摆放的位置，之后要做的就是进行多全方位的准确测量工作，精准测算出家居的尺寸以及占地面积和摆放布局等情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUVGlNTfDz1cZHy79zSO8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、设计师会根据现场测量的实际结果绘制出基本的家具设计图，然后跟业主沟通之后就可以初步确定设计方案了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjFsjMlB9BvXIf6T50E7kHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、面谈进行方案磋商，并进行调整终达到业主满意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkDgmSESRnaKWfSG0j3z4ye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、在家具的生产制作过程中应该随时与业主保持沟通，所采用的材料以及颜色要及时告知业主，有异议的话应该及时沟通调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE8M3L60ZiaATw9tbeMbjne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅定制家具：可以根据需求定制电视柜和储物柜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9XW36gffDnvWgGgE3whNsb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/49cf81cbc52a4d518b6da2038362cfd1","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcneKeMbihAajOImUi3POdWhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室定制家具：定制衣柜、床头柜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh5ccKNVDTPwBIhnEQaqRve"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":534,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbda2628ef134582ba3bae104310701d","width":933},"text":"","id":"doxcnQxjDtey2ISwgSPLoJExgAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"房间的整体定制：定制飘窗、榻榻米、书柜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNwhpZfWUifL22kY5Sip25r"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":541,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定制家具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85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时间就完成了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhGScZCwhARruhSZvh9TSzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我们安装橱柜的时候，我们也可以将已买的水槽，灶台等送货上门安装了，然后一起进行安装。燃气一定要提前开通好，因为安装完之后要进行试气的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj3dDkokcglo9y1CmXlPKAe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"木门安装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVYe6mQPcrTkb3kDniYyH7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橱柜安装完之后，下一步就要进行室内门安装了，注意一点的是，室内门要是定制的话，那一定要提前一个月定制，一般安装时间就一天时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh4oY7HFAfeNYP8bbuOIFAb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"开关插座灯具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1XsxUpgDfkVMDAwiuZ5LYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"壁纸贴完之后，我们就要进行开关，插座以及灯具的安装，那在此之前，我们一定要根据水电工给到的开关，插座、灯具数量进行提前购买好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwpgtToBzhsjI1CcAI5SRic"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"开关插座灯具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/664fd4c4db3b4fabab351c12f1c61bac","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcnIXaX01cp3ApLVLntHtTxgf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五金安装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntnsJXYp9rgebnKvAkeQszc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五金安装部分，这里主要指的是一些水龙头，卫浴挂件以及洁具、阳台的晾衣架等等安装。在这里提醒大家，五金一定要购买好的，不然后期很容易坏掉，一旦坏了，后期更换非常的麻烦然而我们安装完上下水管件。水龙头，角阀等一定要进行开关测试，看看是否有漏水的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDGL88YMgt7uDi8EU5UEffp"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"开荒保洁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4QHWoSt4kSnaspbP4TeOZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修到上一步就全部完成了，接下来我们就要对其全屋彻底的清洁打扫了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuhZ6A3vKWZgvjI6ozSohZC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"窗帘安装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn91pPEnggszaOGQuRe6Czgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此时就可以将其家里准备好的窗帘进行拿出来安装了！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXYeKbKLyiLpyLX0IljFsAh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"家具、家电进场","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnELy38jYLEO0VaXP1Zt70df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成基础装修后就开始安装家具家电了，可以把购买的沙发、床铺、冰箱、电视机等家具家电安装摆放在合适的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWu2PBg56rjQATkaljXaUtf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRWQFx4QReXOee7lnJbyMPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、我们在装饰地板时往往注意瓷砖和地板是否美观，而忽略了踢脚线。踢脚线不仅起到保护墙面的作用，还能有画龙点睛的效果。所以我们可以选择些美观精致的踢脚线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNwJZoLoyXaZxGHOLIGtfnm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、瓷砖铺好后，为了防止瓷砖间的缝隙弄脏，我们可以做填缝处理。这里小编建议尽量采用填缝剂或美缝剂来填缝，不少业主为了省钱，会使用白水泥来填缝，白水泥粉的防水性能会较差些，粘贴牢度和硬度也会较差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0oUnMH3sbcxykDiRd0wCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、防水工程是重中之重的，大家在这方面要更加注意些，不过也别因小失大，忽略了地漏的排水一定要低于地面这样的地漏规则，在装修时提醒下泥水师傅就好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngNlZaYqvMsQF4J6GHKfQJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、必须考虑材料选择，卧室应选择吸声、隔音良好的装饰材料，是一个非常重要的因素。柔软美观的布贴纸、保温、吸声功能地毯是卧室的理想选择。大理石、花岗岩、地砖等冷硬材料不适合卧室使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYRWeuG6Gj9cO2Qh05tYE7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、卧室的主要功能是供人们休息和睡觉，功能非常重要。因此，卧室的设计必须围绕营造一个安静的休息空间，其中床是当之无愧的主角。首先要注意床的舒适性，然后包括装饰风格、布局、色彩和装饰。卧室的照明以暖黄色为基调。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzDfBTG450pZHQytjZwUJJT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、不可忽视的饰品装饰，巧妙地在房间里装饰一些小饰品也是一个很好的方法。它不仅可以增加房间的氛围，还可以改善整个空间的气质。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz8XlXfmRGRBAcZA12B5Kxh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"装修案例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGdnYiAzqSsDhM0MEbmR5jf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装修案例","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/61abbfbc0bf444c99123bcc44376e9ad","width":579},"text":"","id":"doxcnYgtyF2NPcYbMdIewYvVmhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个装修一看就觉得十分简单明亮，灰白色的哑光地板的搭配白色墙面，整个房间的色调简单、干净。我们可以看到他的沙发没有使用大型转角沙发的设计，而是小型布艺沙发搭配小茶几，侧边增加软座椅的风格。这样的家居搭配更加节省空间，让室内显得大方、宽广。落地灯和吊灯的小设计加上地毯的平面几何图案明显提高了房间的格调。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXWgQRADA2FhqSqTaMzDKmf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":381,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装修案例","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b603a7c6c9e34e7b8869ccf26ce2bf3e","width":569},"text":"","id":"doxcnnsQMiW3KbMMmm5yOP0H6Ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一户虽然客厅的面积比较上一家有所减少，但是我们丝毫不会感到拥挤。因为他们将茶几去掉，改为高低小圆桌，空间上更有层次感却不占地方。对于小户型小家庭来说，一个长沙发足以容纳3-4人，若是家里来了客人就用懒人座椅招待，惬意得很。小户型想要“扁平化”，装饰上就要尽量选择素色、浅色的装修，选择相近颜色也不会让人感觉乱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyvMyvETgiFTgHIMiSSrDle"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":389,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"装修案例","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0b5ec9c5b23d484d80c8e20ea08ad9ac","width":572},"text":"","id":"dox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6. 约翰迪尔6b1404拖拉机多少钱

型号 约翰迪尔B550

蓄电池 N120，12V、120Ah  

主要参数介绍 

发动机功率 55 马力  

变速箱 组成式（4+1）×2  

最大提升力(下悬挂点610mm处) ≥10.3 千牛  

动力输出轴功率 ≥34.7 kw  

发动机 

发动机型号 A4K41T55-001  

12小时标定功率 55 马力  

额定转速 2300 （转/分）  

类型 直列、水冷、四冲程、直喷式燃烧室  

吸气方式 自然吸气  

排量 4.1 （升）  

缸径和冲程 105×118（毫米）  

标定式况燃油消耗率 ≤245克/千瓦•时  

最大扭矩 ≥193.7 N.M  

压缩比 17．5:1  

排放标准 国2(符合GB 20891-2007)  

离合器 

离合器 干式、单片、半独立操纵、碟形弹簧压紧的双作用离合器  

变速箱 

变速箱 8个前进挡，2个后退挡，啮合套换挡  

动力输出轴 

动力输出轴转速 540和720，可选配:540和1000 （转/分）  

制动系统 

制动系统 干式、盘式制动器、机械操纵 

 可选配：气制动装置 （配套拖车）  

液压系统 

液压系统 开心、半分置式 

可选配：后液压输出多路阀1组或2组  

液压系统额定压力 16 （兆帕）  

液压泵额定流量 26.2 （升/分钟）

可选配：后液压输出多路阀1组或2组  

悬挂系统 

悬挂系统    

提升能力（悬挂点后610毫米处） ≥10.3 （千牛）  

类型 三点后悬挂、II类悬挂  

耕深调节方式 力、位综合控制、浮动控制  

最大牵引力 15.5 （千牛）  

转向系统 

转向形式 液压转向  

转向油泵恒流流量 8 (升/分钟)  

最小转弯半径 3.9 (米)  

电器系统 

电器系统 12 （伏）  

发电机 JFWZ13，14V、350W  

蓄电池 N120，12V、120Ah  

加注量 

柴油箱 69 （升）  

冷却系统 13.4 （升）  

行走系 

前轮轮距 1160～1360(1260) （毫米）  

后轮轮距 1355～1655(1455) （毫米）  

轴距 2047 （毫米）  

最小离地间隙 375 （毫米）  

驾驶室 

驾驶室 无  

安全架 可折叠式、通过OECD认证  

前桥 

类型    

前束值 4-8 （毫米）  

拖拉机质量 

整机最小使用重量 2255 （公斤）  

外形尺寸 

外形尺寸 3920 X1770 x 2145 （毫米）  

轮胎尺寸 

轮胎尺寸（前/后轮） 6.5-20/12.4-32(选配:后水田轮11-32)  （毫米

7. 约翰迪尔954拖拉机的报价及图片

迪尔954油箱150升天。

拖约翰迪尔6B-954轮式拖拉机技术参数

机型 JD954

发动机型号 约翰迪尔4045

发动机功率（千瓦） 69.9

发动机额定转速 2200

燃油系统 高压共轨

变速箱 干式离合，12F+4R啮合套换挡（选装同步器换挡）

动力输出轴转速（转/分） 840（标准、舒适）/540/1000（高配）

动力输出功率（千瓦） ≥64

牵引力（千瓦） ≥31

夜压输出阀组数 2

**大提升力（千牛） ≥24

耕深调节方式 力调节、位调节、浮动调节

轴距（毫米） 2310

**小转向半径（挂四驱，米） ≤4.5

悬挂杆类型 2类

油箱容量（升） 150。

8. 约翰迪尔6b954拖拉机价格表

是胎压故障

胎压警示灯。黄色标志，一个不规则圆形上面没封口，下面是四个小突刺，里面一个感叹号。出现这个标志，说明汽车轮胎的胎压不正常了，要及时检查轮胎。

水温温度指示灯:这个指示灯一般在汽车刚启动时一直亮，特别是在冬季，蓝色温度计式的造型，水温温度过高或过低都会点亮